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Topic Review
High-Voltage Film Capacitors
High-voltage capacitors are key components for circuit breakers and monitoring and protection devices, and are important elements used to improve the efficiency and reliability of the grid. Different technologies are used in high-voltage capacitor manufacturing process, and at all stages of this process polymeric films must be used, along with an encapsulating material, which can be either liquid, solid or gaseous.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies, also known as protein conformational diseases or amyloidosis, are a group of diseases associated with the deposition of misaggregated proteins in the nervous system.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization
Over the past several decades, photopolymerization has become an active research field, and the ongoing efforts to develop new photoinitiating systems are supported by the different applications in which this polymerization technique is involved—including dentistry, 3D and 4D printing, adhesives, and laser writing.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Diagnosing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, under-recognized disease that affects respiratory ciliary function, resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. The PCD clinical phenotype overlaps with other common respiratory conditions and no single diagnostic test detects all forms of PCD. In 2018, PCD experts collaborated with the American Thoracic Society (ATS) to create a clinical diagnostic guideline for patients across North America, specifically considering the local resources and limitations for PCD diagnosis in the United States and Canada. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) testing is recommended for first-line testing in patients ≥5 years old with a compatible clinical phenotype; however, all low nNO values require confirmation with genetic testing or ciliary electron micrograph (EM) analysis. Furthermore, these guidelines recognize that not all North American patients have access to nNO testing and isolated genetic testing is appropriate in cases with strong clinical PCD phenotypes. For unresolved diagnostic cases, referral to a PCD Foundation accredited center is recommended.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
RNA Helicases
RNA helicases constitute a large family of proteins with functions in all aspects of RNA metabolism, including unwinding or annealing of RNA molecules to regulate pre-mRNA, rRNA and miRNA processing, clamping protein complexes on RNA, or remodeling ribonucleoprotein complexes, to regulate gene expression. RNA helicases also regulate the activity of specific proteins through direct interaction. Abnormal expression of RNA helicases has been associated with different diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, aging, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) via regulation of a diverse range of cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Final Diagnosis for The “Epulis”
Epulis” is a widely used term to describe a localized gingival enlargement. However, a wide range of neoformations might present as localized, slow-growing, asymptomatic gingival masses. Histological examination, sometimes combined with immunohistochemistry, might reveal a wide spectrum of lesions, including hamartomatous lesions, non-neoplastic lesions, benign and malign neoplasms and metastases from distant cancers.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Adaptive Immune Landscape of Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence
The tumor immune microenvironment exerts a pivotal influence in tumor initiation and progression.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
The interest in research on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors is growing. Although the state of research on UASB is to be considered advanced, there are still several points that will be developed in future research such as the consolidation of the results obtained on a semi-industrial or real scale, the use of real matrices instead of synthetic ones.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in K-12 Education
Augmented Reality (AR) could provide key benefits in education and create a richer user experience by increasing the motivation and engagement of the students. Initially, AR was used as a science-oriented tool, but after its acceptance by students and teachers, it evolved into a modern pedagogical tool that was adopted into the classroom to enhance the educational process. In summary, AR-based technology has become a popular topic in educational fields in the last decade as well as in educational research [26]. Taking into consideration various modern educational disciplines, technologies such as AR must be included in the learning environment in science education; otherwise, the absence of them could possibly negatively affect productivity and learning achievements [27]. However, the educational values of AR in the domain of physical science are not exclusively based on the use of AR technologies themselves. These educational values are more likely connected to how AR is designed, implemented and integrated into formal and informal learning settings [28].
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
FluxNet
FluxNet is a global network of micrometeorological tower sites that use eddy covariance methods to measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere. Fluxnet is a global 'network of regional networks' that serves to provide an infrastructure to compile, archive and distribute data for the scientific community. It works to ensure that different flux networks are calibrated to facilitate comparison between sites, and it provides a forum for the distribution of knowledge and data between scientists. As of April 2014, there are over 683 tower sites in continuous long-term operation. Researchers also collect data on site vegetation, soil, trace gas fluxes, hydrology, and meteorological characteristics at the tower sites.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation for Cultural Heritage
In the cultural heritage field, point clouds, as important raw data of geomatics, are not only three-dimensional (3D) spatial presentations of 3D objects but they also have the potential to gradually advance towards an intelligent data structure with scene understanding, autonomous cognition, and a decision-making ability. The approach of point cloud semantic segmentation as a preliminary stage can help to realize this advancement.
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Structure of the MRN Complex
The MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes encode for the nuclear MRN protein complex, which senses the DNA double strand breaks and initiates the DNA repair. The MRN complex also participates in the activation of ATM kinase, which coordinates DNA repair with the p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint arrest. Carriers of homozygous germline pathogenic variants in the MRN complex genes or compound heterozygotes develop phenotypically distinct rare autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by chromosomal instability and neurological symptoms. 
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptors
The tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) was isolated from the bovine hypothalamus. It is involved in gut motility and belongs to a family of bioactive peptides, including contulakin, xenopsin, LANT-6, and neuromedin, showing similar amino acid sequences at the C-terminal region; this sequence is essential for the physiological effects mediated by these peptides. Neurotensin is relevant in brain reward mechanisms. Its role in substance abuse needs to be explored in depth to open new therapeutic strategies.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Methyltransferase SETDB1
SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase that exerts important effects on epigenetic gene regulation. SETDB1 complexes (SETDB1-KRAB-KAP1, SETDB1-DNMT3A, SETDB1-PML, SETDB1-ATF7IP-MBD1) play crucial roles in the processes of histone methylation, transcriptional suppression and chromatin remodelling.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Detection of the Seasonally Activated Rural Areas
Tourist activity is the main cause of seasonal activation of rural areas. The largest seasonal fluctuations were registered in mountain areas and spa resorts. For mountain areas, the highest seasonality is in the winter months (peak—January/February), and lowest is in the summer season. The seasonal character of spa centers indicates the similar trend, generally less pronounced (peak—January), however, with higher seasonality during the summer. 
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pyrolysis of Technogenic-Redeposited Coal-Bearing Rocks
Hydrocarbon products formed under high-temperature and low-temperature pyrolysis of coal-bearing rocks were studied by using a chromatography-mass spectrometer GCMS-QP2010NC Plus (made by Shimadzu Company). The average temperature of low-temperature natural pyrolysis does not exceed 120°C, and its average speed is approximately 2 m/year. In this case, three pyrolysis zones gradually built metamorphic rock mass (from bottom to top) are clearly established: heating (focal) activated and enriched. The average temperature of high-temperature pyrolysis reaches 850°C, and its average speed is approximately 20 m/year. Unlike low-temperature pyrolysis, high-temperature pyrolysis is accompanied by the presence of two major zones (from bottom to top): pyrogenic (focal) and enriched (coke). The chemical composition of the enriched pyrolysis zone was studied in detail. It has been established that hydrocarbon compounds in samples of the pyrolysis zone are presented by six classes: asphaltic-resinous substances; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, organic sulphur compounds; pyrolytic hydrocarbon and heavy hydrocarbon residue. Quantitative content of hydrocarbon compounds in the analyzed samples varies from 0.35% to 41.88%.   Based on the materials of fieldwork, we created a video film that can be seen on the website https://youtu.be/Tqs6YiKfDdE
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Biography
Beatrice Heuser
Beatrice Heuser (born 15 March 1961 in Bangkok), is an historian and political scientist. She has a chair of International Relations at the University of Glasgow. Heuser has a B.A. in History from Bedford College, a M.A. in International History from the London School of Economics and a D.Phil. in Political Science from the University of Oxford. In addition, she holds a Higher Doctorate from the
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
LED-Based Photoacoustic System
Photoacoustics, being a noninvasive and functional modality, has the potential for small-animal imaging. However, the conventional photoacoustic tomographic systems use pulsed lasers, making it expensive, bulky, and require long acquisition time. We have developed a photoacoustic and ultrasound tomographic imaging system with LEDs as the light source and acoustic detection using a linear transducer array. We have demonstrated full-view tomographic imaging of a mouse.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
The HMOX1 Pathway
Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting first step in the heme degradation process, generating carbon monoxide, ferrous, and biliverdin, and therefore HMOX1 has a cytoprotective role as excess free heme has been shown to induce apoptosis. HMOX1 is expressed at high levels in the lungs and has been shown to mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in mice. Given these functions of HMOX1, it has been implicated in a variety of pathological states, including myocardial infarction, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The upregulation of HMOX1 has been shown to have a protective role against the oxidative stress produced upon HIV, DENV, HCV, and IAV infections.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Prenatal Detection of Uniparental Disomies
Prenatal detection of uniparental disomy (UPD) is a methodological challenge, and a positive testing result requires comprehensive considerations on the clinical consequences as well as ethical issues.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Dec 2020
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