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Topic Review
3D Printed Integrated Sensors
The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. 
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Aluminium friction-stir welding with nanoparticles
Welding is a widely used and critical joining process in fabrication industries and consumes a lot of energy and materials. Friction stir welding process is most commonly and emerging process in solid state processes. In FSW, heat for welding is generated with pressure applied between the rotational tool and base metal, leading to plastic deformation without melting of the base metal and without change in the primary microstructure of the base metal. Aluminium and its alloys have been seen to be a viable and, in some cases, superior alternative to steel. the FSW process occurs below the melting temperature of the Al alloys, resulting in avoidance of metal solidification defects, less deformation, porosity and cracks, and improved mechanical integrity of the joints. For improving mechanical properties, nanoparticles have commonly been used as reinforcement particles, as their size leads to uniform dispersion, grain refinement and reducing joint flaws.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Novel Manufacturing Methods for Textile-Reinforced Concrete
Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a composite material consisting of a concrete matrix with a high-performance reinforcement made of technical textiles. TRC offers unique mechanical properties for the construction industry, enabling the construction of lightweight, material-minimized structures with high load-bearing potential. In addition, compared with traditional concrete design, TRC offers unique possibilities to realize free-form, double-curved structures. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Textile Development of Czech Republic
The textile branch includes mainly the processing of textile fibers, the production of yarns and various fabrics (fabrics, knitwear nonwovens and nano assmblies) and their use for clothing purposes and technical applications. This branch belonged, belongs and will probably continue to belong to fields using new technical solutions very quickly.The major factors involved in developement of textile branch are discussed.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Fundamentals of the Laser Ablation Method
The process of the pulsed-laser-induced quenching of liquid-solid interface reactions and pulsed laser evaporation to form composite films were then covered in depth, which provided a theoretical framework for the creation of new techniques for the synthesis of nanostructures. The laser irradiation process in a liquid environment, also known as laser ablation in liquid (LAL), can greatly improve ablation efficiency. The function of the liquids, such as water, involves heat transfer (conduction or convection) and bubble movement, which aids in the removal of the ablation particles that have been redeposited on the surface of the material and inhibits the fragmentation of chip oxidation. In addition, the liquid environment effectively cools the targets, preventing excessive heat buildup. Therefore, LAL can be widely used in laser cleaning and laser shock peening. 
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Failures and Flaws in Fused Deposition Modeling
The potential failures and flaws associated with fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology are highlighted. The focus is on presenting the failures and flaws that are caused by the operational standpoints and which are based on the many years of experience with current and emerging materials and equipment for the 3D printing of polymers and composites using the FDM/FFF method. FDM or FFF 3D printing, which is also known as an additive manufacturing (AM) technique, is a material processing and fabrication method where the raw material, usually in the form of filaments, is added layer-by-layer to create a three-dimensional part from a computer designed model.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Green Composites for Maritime Engineering
Green composites have gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional materials used in marine structures. These composites are made from biodegradable and renewable materials, making them environmentally friendly and reducing the subsequent carbon footprint. 
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Orthopedic Implants in Biomaterials Using Additive Manufacturing Technologies
The additive manufacturing (AM) process is used for joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, contrary to subtractive manufacturing methods. This technology plays a significant role in fabricating orthopedic implants, especially parts of hip implants (HI), such as femoral head, stem, neck, polyethylene linear, acetabular shell, and so on, using biomaterials. These biodegradable resources are those that can be utilized as tissue substitutes since they are accepted by live tissues. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Abrasive Waterjet Machining
Abrasive Waterjet Machining (AWJM) is considered a viable alternative to conventional machining processes, due to its capability of rendering even complex features on parts with high productivity. However, it is currently also important for manufacturing processes to comply with the various aspects of sustainability, by putting emphasis on the environmental dimension apart from the economic. Although AWJM generally is considered an inherently environmentally friendly process, it is required that thorough experimental studies be carried out to evaluate the sustainability of AWJM under various conditions. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Process
The important friction stir welding process (FSW) parameters affecting the joint quality are the rotational speed, tilt angle, traverse speed, axial force, and tool profile geometry.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Geometrical Design of Lattices in Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. Several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Efficiency-Based Global Green Manufacturing Innovation Index
Manufacturing Innovation Index (GGMII) was developed by formulating an input-oriented data envelopment analysis model. Criteria such as the value added to the gross domestic product (GDP), corresponding CO2 emissions, and unemployment rates were examined in order to represent the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of SD, respectively. Other scientific and technological dimensions were also considered. The data corresponding to all ten of the criteria were collected from World Bank Open Data. 
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Fatigue Life Prediction of BGA Solder Joints
Ball grid array (BGA) packaging is a new type of surface mount multi-terminal packaging technology. BGA packaging is widely used in the field of microelectronic manufacturing industries due to its multiple I/O volumes and excellent electric characteristics. However, due to environmental loads such as vibration and impact during its production and application, defects inevitably emerge in BGA solder joint defects, which will lead to the failure of electronic products. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Polishing is a process of creating a smooth and scratchless surface by using mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical approaches for reducing surface roughness and enhancing the workpiece’s strength. Roughness directly determines the surface functional performance, and it is usually handled in the final process of machining, namely polishing.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Technologies for Localisation in Autonomous Railway Maintenance Systems
Smart maintenance is essential to achieving a safe and reliable railway, but traditional maintenance deployment is costly and heavily human-involved. Ineffective job execution or failure in preventive maintenance can lead to railway service disruption and unsafe operations. The deployment of robotic and autonomous systems was proposed to conduct these maintenance tasks with higher accuracy and reliability. In order for these systems to be capable of detecting rail flaws along millions of mileages they must register their location with higher accuracy. A prerequisite of an autonomous vehicle is its possessing a high degree of accuracy in terms of its positional awareness.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin Technology in a Human-in-Loop Setting
The increase in computational capability has led to an unprecedented increase in the range of new applications where machine learning can be used in real time. Notwithstanding the range of use cases where automation is now feasible, humans are likely to retain a critical role in the operation and certification of manufacturing systems for the foreseeable future. Digital twin technology is a virtual representation of a system, updated by real-time data, that uses simulation, machine learning (ML), and reasoning to enhance decision-making. This idea promises to give production systems real-time control.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Direct Laser Deposition of Inconel 625
The direct laser deposition (DLD) process has seen rigorous research in the past two decades due to its ability to directly manufacture products followed by minimal machining. The process input variables play a vital role in determining the properties achieved in the products manufactured by the DLD method. Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy with exceptional mechanical performance and corrosion resistance, has been used in critical applications within the aerospace, process, and marine industry.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of Metal Matrix Composites
Multi-material structure fabrication has the potential to address some critical challenges in today’s industrial paradigm. While conventional manufacturing processes cannot deliver multi-material structures in a single operation, additive manufacturing (AM) has come up as an appealing alternative. In particular, laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) is preferred for multi-material AM. The most relevant applications envisioned for multi-material L‑DED are alloy design, metal matrix composites (MMC), and functionally graded materials (FGM). In view of the industrial relevance of high-performance coatings as tools to mitigate wear, the development of reliable processes to produce MMC coatings is imperative. The tight control of the energy input, together with the ability to tune the composition of the feedstock as an additional process variable, makes L-DED a promising solution. Nonetheless, there are still some issues that need to be faced before multi-material L-DED is ready for industrial use. The identified challenges include—but are not limited to—tightly controlling the composition of the multi-material powder mixture injected into the melt pool; understanding the influence of the thermal history of the process on microstructural aspects, including the interactions between constituents; and studying the in-service behaviour of MMCs with regard to their durability and failure modes.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Quality Assurance in Resistance Spot Welding
Resistance spot welding is a process with high variability regarding the quality of the produced joints. This means that key performance indicators (KPIs) such as geometrical and mechanical features as well as failure modes can deviate from the initial design even if the same process parameters are used. The industry has developed quality assurance programs and quality control methods for tracking these KPIs.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Digital Twins in Tool and Component Wear Monitoring
Machine tools are widely used in modern manufacturing industries to produce high-quality products with increased productivity and efficiency. However, every machine tool is unique due to its individual characteristics (dynamics and tolerances). This individuality results from a complex interplay of different machine components, which may cause variations in the machine tool’s performance over time. The increasing trend towards individualism of products leads to smaller batch sizes, which requires production processes that can adapt quickly and efficiently to changes in product requirements. Digital Twins play a pivotal role in optimising processes and deriving actionable insights that extend beyond on-site calculations. These dynamic representations of systems demand real-time data on the actual state of machinery, rather than static images depicting idealized configurations.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2023
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