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Topic Review
Curcumin Targeting Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies, with high incidence rates, a low rate of early diagnosis, and complex pathogenesis. In recent years, there has been progress made in its diagnosis and treatment methods, but tumor malignant proliferation and metastasis after treatment still seriously affect the survival and prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is an extremely urgent task of current medicine to find new anti-tumor drugs with high efficiency and safety and low toxicity. Curcumin has shown potent anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects and is considered a hot spot in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs due to its advantages of precise efficacy, lower toxic side effects, and less drug resistance. Recent studies have revealed that curcumin has anti-tumor effects exerted on the epigenetic regulation of tumor-promoting/tumor-suppressing gene expression through the alteration of expression levels of non-coding RNAs (e.g., lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs). The interaction between curcumin and non-coding RNAs on the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer is summarized herein.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols of Marine Origin
Polyphenols are compounds found in various plants and foods, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds have unique chemical structures and exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor action. Due to these properties, marine polyphenols are being investigated as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
TRPA1 in Skin
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of channels, acts as ‘polymodal cellular sensor’ on primary sensory neurons where it mediates the peripheral and central processing of pain, itch, and thermal sensation.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Ellagic Acid in Neurological Diseases
Aging is associated with several diseases that threaten the health of older people, such as neurodegenerative diseases, which cause indelible and irreversible damage to both the physical and psychological well-being of older people and impose a heavy burden on their families and society. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on the therapeutic effects of Ellagic Acid, demonstrating the health benefits of EA for neurodegenerative diseases. Three common neurological diseases are described here: AD, PD, and cerebral ischemia as well as the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protective effects of EA.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Classification of Trinucleotides/Codons
Ariadne’s thread on the path of our discovery of DNA and genetic code symmetries was our trinucleotide classification. Trinucleotides of each DNA genome and codons of the genetic code consist of four nitrogenous bases: two purines (adenine (A) and guanine (G)) and two pyrimidines (cytosine (C) and thymine (T) or uracil (U)). Thus, three of the bases are found in both DNA and the genetic code, whereas thymine is unique to DNA, and uracil is unique to the genetic code. A nucleotide is formed in the cell when the base attaches itself to the 1′ carbon of the sugar and phosphate attaches itself to the 5′ carbon of the same sugar the nucleotide takes its name from.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of bone marrow (BM) clonal plasma cells, which are strictly dependent on the microenvironment.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Tumour Microenvironment
The tumour microenvironment (TME) contains cells of different origin, including cancer, immune, endothelial, and stromal cells. In the last decades extracellular vesicles (EV) released by these cells have gained attention as drivers of the TME diversity and tumour behaviour. In the TME, EV can switch tumour growth, immune-escape and metastatic spread or exert anti-tumour activity depending on their cell of origin and cargo. Moreover, since potentially detectable in different biological fluids, EV have been proposed as diagnostic and therapeutic, or “theragnostic” tools. Specifically, EV cargo has been considered a tumour “fingerprint”, and differentially expressed proteins and genetic materials proposed as potential targets for anti-cancer based therapies. Approaches using engineered EV or EV as naturally delivery system for “therapeutics” have been explored in preclinical models and their effectiveness, in targeting the TME, proven in primary and metastatic tumours. More recently, CAR-T cells and CAR EV combo platform have been proposed to improve the CAR-based anti-cancer approach. Likewise, their potential application for immune cell targeting has provide significant insights to move towards anti-cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. On these bases, a number of clinical trials aimed to deeply explore EV clinical application as anti-tumour based approach or “theragnostics” are on-going. Should validated as diagnostic/prognostic/anti-cancer tools the still open questions would be hopefully addressed and their clinical application would become the on-coming challenge against cancer. However, to move towards EV clinical application several hurdles including potency tests, scalability and full characterization in agreement with the regulatory agency should be solved.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Central Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor Gene
Different neuromodulatory systems are involved in long-term energy balance and body weight and, among these, evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system, in particular the activation of type-1 cannabinoid receptor, plays a key role.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Thromboembolic complications of SARS-CoV-2
Covid-19 has the potential to cause severe damage to many tissues, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan involvement, and shock. One of the most feared complications are thromboembolic events which lead to severe clinical phenotypes: worsening of pulmonary conditions, oxygen desaturation, and acute respiratory distress. Management choices should be considered according to the critical or chronic setting.                             Main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying thrombosis from Covid-19 are discussed, including metabolic derangements and hormonal factors.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Peptide Binding at Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest membrane protein family and a significant target class for therapeutics. Receptors from GPCRs’ largest class, class A, influence virtually every aspect of human physiology. About 45% of the members of this family endogenously bind flexible peptides or peptides segments within larger protein ligands. While many of these peptides have been structurally characterized in their solution state, the few studies of peptides in their receptor-bound state suggest that these peptides interact with a shared set of residues and undergo significant conformational changes. 
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Angiotensin II-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Alivec Regulates Chondrogenesis
Angiotensin II (AngII)-regulated Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) Alivec functions, at least in part, to mediate the AngII-induced chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) implicated in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Binding of Various Aminopolycarboxylates
Synthetic aminopolycarboxylates like ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) are common chelating agents. EDTA-degrading bacterium Chelativorans sp. BNC1 uses an ABC-type transporter for the uptake of free EDTA into its cells for biodegradation. The key component of the transporter is a periplasmic EDTA-binding protein, EppA, and the structural and functional analyses indicate that EppA is a general binding protein for the uptake of free aminopolycarboxylates, suggesting that stable metal-chelate complexes are not transported into the cells for biodegradation and explaining the persistence of stable metal-EDTA complexes in the environment.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
GSK-3 in Neurodegeneration
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a central player in regulating mood behavior, cognitive functions, and neuron viability. Indeed, many targets controlled by GSK-3 are critically involved in progressing neuron deterioration and disease pathogenesis. 
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibitors
Carbon dioxide (CO2), a vital molecule of the carbon cycle, is a critical component in living organisms’ metabolism, performing functions that lead to the building of compounds fundamental for the life cycle. In all living organisms, the CO2/bicarbonate (HCO3−) balancing is governed by a superfamily of enzymes, known as carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CAs catalyze the pivotal physiological reaction, consisting of the reversible hydration of the CO2 to HCO3− and protons.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 May 2021
Topic Review
COVIDomics
COVIDomics, namely, the proteomic and metabolomic signatures of COVID-19. Omics-based technologies have been largely adopted during the unprecedented global COVID-19 pandemic, allowing the scientific community to perform research on a large scale to understand the pathobiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its replication into human cells. The application of omics techniques has been addressed to every level of application, from the detection of mutations, methods of diagnosis or monitoring, drug target discovery, and vaccine generation, to the basic definition of the pathophysiological processes and the biochemical mechanisms behind the infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the term COVIDomics wants to include those efforts provided by omics-scale investigations with application to the COVID-19 research. 
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Metabolic Program
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow continuously supply a large number of blood cells throughout life in collaboration with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). HSCs and HPCs are thought to regulate and utilize intracellular metabolic programs to obtain metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is necessary for various cellular functions. The metabolic programs of tissue stem/progenitor cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms have been elucidated using a variety of metabolic analysis methods.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Use of Lateral Flow Assays in Forensics
Already for decades lateral flow assays (LFAs) are ‘common use’ devices in daily life. Also, for forensic use LFAs are developed, such as for the analysis of illicit drugs and DNA, but also for the detection of explosives and body fluid identification. Despite their advantages, including ease-of-use, LFAs are not yet frequently applied at a crime scene. 
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
TGR5
Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) is a metabolic regulator, which is also involved in inflammatory responses. TGR5 belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Approved for Public Use
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and was found to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is a novel pleomorphic, positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. Quickly, it has become a global pandemic, infecting more than 176 million people and causing the death of more than 3.8 million individuals, that we are yet to recover from. Thus, an ongoing quest is being carried out for prophylaxis/therapy to prevent the transition from infection into serious forms of COVID-19.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Hippophae rhamnoides/Cassia fistula Extracts
The work deals with the in vitro evaluations of the pod extracts of C. fistula which are shown to exert better antioxidant and enzymatic properties than those exhibited by the fruit extract of H. rhamnoides.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Nov 2020
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