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Topic Review
Managerial in the Tourism Industry
Globalization and intense competition force organizations to be flexible and adaptable to constant changes in the market. According to many researchers, innovation is a crucial source of competitive advantage in the continuously changing environment. Many studies in the area of management present innovation as one of the most significant factors for enhancing organizational performance.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Advances of MXenes
MXenes are synthesized from ‘MAX’ phases by the selective etching of ‘A’ layers. The MAX phases are conductive 2D layers of transition metal carbides/nitrides interconnected by the ‘A’ element with strong ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds.
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Accounting Higher Education Preparing the Future of Accounting
The accounting profession is undergoing significant changes due to revolutions in technology and markets. It is ever more important for higher education institutions (HEIs) to understand how to prepare professionals and students for the not-so-distant future. 
  • 1.7K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Tiny-YOLO-Based CNN Architecture for Applications in Human Detection
Human detection is a special application of object recognition and is considered one of the greatest challenges in computer vision. It is the starting point of a number of applications, including public safety and security surveillance around the world. Human detection technologies have advanced significantly due to the rapid development of deep learning techniques. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become quite popular for tackling various problems, among which includes object detection.
  • 1.7K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Approaches to Quantifying Carbon Emissions with Human Deaths
When attempting to quantify future harms caused by carbon emissions and to set appropriate energy policies, it has been argued that the most important metric is the number of human deaths caused by climate change. Several studies have attempted to overcome the uncertainties associated with such forecasting. 
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Powder Bed Fusion Process
The ability to manufacture parts with complex geometry by sending a model from CAD directly to the manufacturing machine has attracted much attention in the industry, driving the development of additive manufacturing technology. However, studies have shown that components manufactured using additive manufacturing technology have several problems, namely high tensile residual stresses, cracks, and voids, which are known to have a major impact on material performance (in service).
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Acid–Base Homeostasis and Renal Calcium–Phosphate Handling
Both calcium and phosphate metabolism are involved in acid–base homeostasis at several physiological intersections. Phosphate plays a key role in defense against metabolic acidosis, both as an intracellular and extracellular buffer, as well as in the renal excretion of excess H+ in the form of urinary titratable acid through this buffering reaction (Na2HPO4 ⇌ HPO42−+ 2Na and HPO42− + H+ ⇌ H2PO4−). The skeleton acts as an extracellular buffer in states of metabolic acidosis, as the acid-induced dissolution of bone hydroxyapatite releases Ca2+ and phosphate into the extracellular fluid (ECF).
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Canes Venatici
Canes Venatici, Latin for "hunting dogs," is a small northern constellation situated between Ursa Major and Boötes. It was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century, representing the hunting dogs of Boötes, the Herdsman. The constellation is notable for hosting several interesting celestial objects, including the famous Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) and the Sunflower Galaxy (M63).
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Quantitative Sensory Testing and Pressure Pain Threshold
Several published articles have shown that quantitative sensory testing (QST) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) are useful in the analysis of neck/shoulder and low back pain. A valid reference for normal PPT values might be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of abnormal tenderness or muscle pain. However, there have been no reliable references for PPT values of neck/shoulder and back pain because the data vary depending on the devices used, the measurement units, and the area examined. 
  • 1.7K
  • 20 Aug 2022
Topic Review
General Symptoms with COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an epidemiological threat and a worldwide concern. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 210 countries worldwide and more than 3,000,000 confirmed cases and 228,513 deaths have been reported, while the number of both confirmed and fatal cases is continually increasing. COVID-19 is a viral disease that can affect every age group – from infants to the elderly – resulting in a wide spectrum of various clinical manifestations. COVID-19 might present different degrees of severity – from mild or even asymptomatic carriers, even to fatal cases. The most common complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fever, dry cough, muscle weakness, and chest pain are the most prevalent and typical symptoms of COVID-19. However, patients might also present atypical symptoms that can occur alone, which might indicate the possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this paper was to review and summarize all of the findings regarding clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients and those include respiratory, neurological, olfactory and gustatory, gastrointestinal, ophthalmic, dermatological, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, as well as specific symptoms in pediatric patients.
  • 1.7K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Actin Cytoskeleton in Podocytes
Proteinuria is one of the hallmarks of kidney disease. Serum proteins such as albumin are prevented from being filtered into the urine by the glomerular filtration barrier of which podocytes are a key part. Podocyte structure and function are dependent on maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton in podocyte foot processes. Foot processes contain two structural and signaling hubs: the slit diaphragm and focal adhesions, both of which maintain foot process integrity and relay signals to and from the podocyte exterior in response to hemodynamic changes. The entry below describes the key components of foot process actin cytoskeleton structure and regulation. 
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Visual Training in Amblyopia
Active vision therapy using perceptual learning and/or dichoptic or binocular environments has shown its potential effectiveness in amblyopia, but some doubts remain about the type of stimuli and the mode and sequence of presentation that should be used. 
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Small Spirocyclic, Xanthene-Based Fluorescent Probes
The use of fluorescent probes in a multitude of applications is still an expanding field. This review covers the recent progress made in small molecular, spirocyclic xanthene-based probes containing different heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, silicon, carbon) in position 10′. After a short introduction, we will focus on applications like the interaction of probes with enzymes and targeted labeling of organelles and proteins, detection of small molecules, as well as their use in therapeutics or diagnostics and super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, the last part will summarize recent advances in the synthesis and understanding of their structure–behavior relationship including novel computational approaches. 
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Epilepsy in Down Syndrome
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for epilepsy during the whole lifespan, but especially after age 40 years. The increase in the number of individuals with DS living into late middle age due to improved health care is resulting in an increase in epilepsy prevalence in this population. However, these epileptic seizures are probably underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. This late onset epilepsy is linked to the development of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the main comorbidity in adults with DS.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Protamine-Based Strategies for RNA Transfection
Protamine is a natural cationic peptide mixture mostly known as a drug for the neutralization of heparin and as a compound in formulations of slow-release insulin. Protamine is also used for cellular delivery of nucleic acids due to opposite charge-driven coupling. This year marks 60 years since the first use of Protamine as a transfection enhancement agent. Since then, Protamine has been broadly used as a stabilization agent for RNA delivery. It has also been involved in several compositions for RNA-based vaccinations in clinical development. Protamine stabilization of RNA shows double functionality: it not only protects RNA from degradation within biological systems, but also enhances penetration into cells. A Protamine-based RNA delivery system is a flexible and versatile platform that can be adjusted according to therapeutic goals: fused with targeting antibodies for precise delivery, digested into a cell penetrating peptide for better transfection efficiency or not-covalently mixed with functional polymers.
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Red-Beetroot-Extract in the Biodegradable Polymers
This study investigated the effect of natural antioxidants inherent to beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. Vulgaris) on the ageing of environmentally friendly plastics. Certain properties were examined in this context, comprising thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. A visual evaluation of relevant changes in the given polymers (polylactide and polycaprolactone) was conducted during an ageing test in a UV chamber (45 °C, 70% humidity) for 720 h. The films were prepared by a casting process, in which samples with the extract of beetroot were additionally incorporated in a common filler (bentonite), this serving as a carrier for the extract. The results showed the effect of the incorporated antioxidant, which was added to stabilize the biodegradable films. Its efficiency during the ageing test in the polymers tended to exceed or be comparable to that of the reference sample. 
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Construction 4.0 Organisational Level Challenges and Solutions
The construction industry (CI) is ancient and has evolved along with humanity, yet it has become increasingly inefficient due to fragmentation, the use of traditional solutions and the lack of innovative technologies and methodologies which are no longer sustainable. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has started to transform this industry, and Construction 4.0 (C4) can advocate this change to become a more efficient cyber-physical ecosystem. However, technology alone will not solve all challenges. While research on C4 focuses mainly on technology, management also plays a key role
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nanoplastic and the Gut-Brain Axis
The widespread usage of plastic places a significant burden on the environment and impacts numerous aquatic and terrestrial species. Humans in particular can be affected by plastic pollution, predominantly via inhalation and ingestion, as well as trophic transfer along the food chain. Under natural conditions synthetic materials undergo degradation into micro- and nanoparticles, especially prone to interact with biological systems. Organisms exposed to nanoplastic accumulate it in multiple tissues, including the gut and the brain. The scarce but consistent evidence shows that exposure to plastic nanoparticles can indeed affect both the digestive and the nervous system, therefore, potentially pose a threat to the complex network of mutual interactions between them, known as the gut-brain axis.
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Renoprotective Effects of Mangiferin
Both acute and chronic kidney diseases substantially contribute to the morbidities and mortality of patients worldwide. The existing therapeutics, which are mostly developed from synthetic sources, present some unexpected effects in patients, provoking researchers to explore potential novel alternatives. Natural products that have protective effects against various renal pathologies could be potential drug candidates for kidney diseases. Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol predominantly isolated from Mangifera indica and possesses multiple health benefits against various human ailments, including kidney disease. 
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Weed Management
Weeds can affect food production in agricultural systems, decreasing the product quality and productivity due to the competition for natural resources. On the other hand, weeds can also be considered to be valuable indicators of biodiversity because of their role in providing ecosystem services. In this sense, there is a need to carry out an effective and sustainable weed management process, integrating the various control methods (i.e., cultural, mechanical and chemical) in a harmonious way, without harming the entire agrarian ecosystem. Thus, intensive mechanization and herbicide use should be avoided. 
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Feb 2022
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