Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma and Malignant Melanoma
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer testis antigen (CTA) identified in 1997 through analysis of the specificity of tumor-reactive T-cell clones derived from a patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Although at first it seemed even more specific, various studies have shown that PRAME can also be expressed in the context of atypical lesions that do not correspond solely to the definition of malignant melanoma. Various studies have shown that PRAME can also be expressed in the context of atypical lesions apart from MM and, for this reason, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (hence accuracy) are clearly lower. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Skin Collagen Fiber Turnover and Functioning
Clinically, collagen formation disorders manifest themselves as increased flabbiness and looseness of the skin and as early signs of facial aging. In addition to the clinical picture, it is important for cosmetologists and dermatologists to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of collagenopathies. This entry summarized and systematized the available information concerning the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in skin collagen fiber turnover.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Advancing Regenerative Cellular Therapies in Non-Scarring Alopecia
Alopecia or baldness is a common diagnosis in clinical practice. Alopecia can be scarring or non-scarring, diffuse or patchy. The most prevalent type of alopecia is non-scarring alopecia, with the majority of cases being androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or alopecia areata (AA). AGA is traditionally treated with minoxidil and finasteride, while AA is treated with immune modulators; however, both treatments have significant downsides.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Managements for Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorders
Autoimmune bullous skin disorders are a group of disorders characterized by the formation of numerous blisters and erosions on the skin and/or the mucosal membrane, arising from autoantibodies against the intercellular adhesion molecules and the structural proteins. They can be classified into intraepithelial or subepithelial autoimmune bullous dermatoses based on the location of the targeted antigens. These dermatoses are extremely debilitating and fatal in certain cases, depending on the degree of cutaneous and mucosal involvement. Effective treatments should be implemented promptly. Glucocorticoids serve as the first-line approach due to their rapid onset of therapeutic effects and remission of the acute phase. Nonetheless, long-term applications may lead to major adverse effects that outweigh the benefits. Hence, other adjuvant therapies are mandatory to minimize the potential harm and ameliorate the quality of life.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Targeting Lateral Canthal Rhytids
Botulinum neurotoxin injections near the lateral canthal rhytids are commonly used in cosmetic settings; however, there is a lack of thorough anatomical knowledge, and an effective way to treat them with accumulating knowledge is needed. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Innovative Strategies for Wound Healing
Wound healing is highly specialized dynamic multiple phase process for the repair of damaged/injured tissues through an intricate mechanism. Various emerging and innovative strategies for promoting quality wound healing have been discussed. 
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Aromatherapy for Symptom Relief in Patients with Burn
Aromatherapy, also known as essential oil therapy, uses plant, flower, or herb extracts to enhance health and wellbeing. Aromatic essential oils have been widely studied for first-degree burn injuries due to their ability to relieve pain, reduce scarring, as well as reduce inflammation and antimicrobial activity. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Targets in Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis represents a complex and multidimensional interaction that represents potential fields of preventive and therapeutic management. In addition to the treatment armamentarium available for atopic dermatitis, novel drugs targeting significant molecular pathways in atopic dermatitis biologics and small molecules are also being developed given the condition’s complex pathophysiology. While most of the patients are expecting better efficacy and long-term control, the response to these drugs would still depend on numerous factors such as complex genotype, diverse environmental triggers and microbiome-derived signals, and, most importantly, dynamic immune responses. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Algae Metabolites in Cosmeceutical
Cosmeceuticals are topical cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrids which refer to a cosmetic product with active ingredients claiming to have medicinal or drug-like benefits to skin health. Marine algae are rich in bioactive substances that have shown to exhibit strong benefits to the skin, particularly in overcoming rashes, pigmentation, aging, and cancer. 
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Astaxanthin Delivery Systems for Skin
Astaxanthin (AST) is a biomolecule known for its powerful antioxidant effect, which is considered of great importance in biochemical research and has great potential for application in cosmetics, as well as food products that are beneficial to human health and medicines. Unfortunately, its poor solubility in water, chemical instability, and low oral bioavailability make its applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical field a major challenge for the development of new products. To favor the search for alternatives to enhance and make possible the use of AST in formulations, this article aimed to review the scientific data on its application in delivery systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Sep 2021
Biography
Montserrat
My name is Montserrat Fernández-Guarino, I am dermatologist in Madrid, Spain. I have studied medicine and I am specialist, however I have so many more interest. Among the intellectual fields, I am graduated in Psychology, and coursed different master´s degree, in nutrition, medical nutrition in diseases, sports injury rehabilitation and pharmacy office. Summary of the present position: -Staf
  • 1.2K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Obesity and Wound Healing
Chronic wounds represent nowadays a major challenge for both clinicians and researchers in the regenerative setting. Obesity represents one of the major comorbidities in patients affected by chronic ulcers and therefore diverse studies aimed at assessing possible links between these two morbid conditions are currently ongoing. In particular, adipose tissue has recently been described as having metabolic and endocrine functions rather than serving as a mere fat storage deposit. In this setting, adipose-derived stem cells, a peculiar subset of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) located in adipose tissue, have been demonstrated to possess regenerative and immunological functions with a key role in regulating both adipocyte function and skin regeneration.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
HDPs in Skin Wound Healing
Cutaneous wound healing is a vital biological process that aids skin regeneration upon injury. Wound healing failure results from persistent inflammatory conditions observed in diabetes, or autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. Chronic wounds are incurable due to factors like poor oxygenation, aberrant function of peripheral sensory nervature, inadequate nutrients and blood tissue supply. The most significant hallmark of chronic wounds is heavily aberrant immune skin function. As the first line of defence against pathogenic bacterial infection, host defence peptides (HDPs) are a critical element in preventing biofilm-associated infections. A decline in sufficiently effective antibiotic treatments due to growing problems with antibiotic resistance may be ameliorated with alternatives to conventional antibiotics like peptides with antimicrobial properties. Aside from bacterial pathogen inactivation by disrupting their cell membranes, host defence peptides also have immunomodulatory properties, due to their ability to stimulate the cross-talk between immune cells promoting cutaneous wound healing in a healthier manner.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, with a chronic relapsing-remitting course, which affects 2–3% of the worldwide population. Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory, immune-mediated, chronic, and recurrent dermatosis, caused by the interplay between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The clinical feature of psoriasis is dominated by erythematous-squamous plaques which usually, but non-exclusively arise symmetrically on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, scalp, lumbosacral area, and it reflects some pathogenetic mechanisms underlying psoriasis, i.e., inflammation, hyperproliferation, angiogenesis.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatological Conditions
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a significant range of dermatologic sequela. Etiologies of lesions continue to be investigated. Proposed mechanisms include inflammatory response to spike protein, vitamin D deficiency, ACE2 receptor activation, androgen levels, and increased psychosocial stress.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Cutaneous Findings in NF1
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a complex autosomal dominant disorder associated with germline mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene. NF1 belongs to a class of congenital anomaly syndromes called RASopathies, a group of rare genetic conditions caused by mutations in the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Generally, NF1 patients present with dermatologic manifestations.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Emerging Oral Treatments for Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a worldwide prevalence of 1–3% that can be associated with psoriatic arthritis and other comorbidities and causes a significant burden and impairment of health-related quality of life. Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) with a pathogenic admixture of autoinflammatory and autoimmune components and involvement of both innate and adaptive immune systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Afro-Ethnic Hairstyling Trends, Risks, Recommendations
Hair is an essential part of a person’s identity, self-perception, and can be a way they communicate with those around them. It can reflect not only someone’s health but their sense of style, and can be changed often and easily to portray an individual’s changing attitudes and trends. Hairstyles among women of African descent, thus, vary considerably by country, region, occupation, generation, and personal style. Today, the Black hair care industry is a half-trillion-dollar industry. In fact, Black women spend more on their hair than any other ethnic group. There has been substantial debate and discussion regarding the association between certain hairstyles worn by Black women and their connection to hair disorders and other health conditions common to this population.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a blistering dermatosis, which shares common immunologic features with celiac disease (CD).
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 17
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback

Quick Survey

Encyclopedia MDPI is conducting a targeted survey to identify the specific barriers hindering efficient research. We invite you to spend 3 minutes defining the priorities for our next generation of structured knowledge tools.
Take Survey