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Topic Review
Glass-Ceramic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
The all-solid-state lithium battery (ASSLIB) is one of the key points of future lithium battery technology development. Because solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have higher safety performance than liquid electrolytes, and they can promote the application of Li-metal anodes to endow batteries with higher energy density. Glass-ceramic SSEs with excellent ionic conductivity and mechanical strength are one of the main focuses of SSE research. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Photocatalysis for Water Purification
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment have garnered a lot of attention during the past few years. Due to their toxic behavior, which interferes with endocrine functions in both humans and aquatic species, these types of compounds have been recognized as major polluting agents in wastewater effluents. Therefore, the development of efficient and sustainable removal methods for these emerging contaminants is essential. Photocatalytic removal of emerging contaminants using silver carbonate (Ag2CO3)-based photocatalyst is a promising process due to the unique characteristics of this catalyst, such as absorption of a larger fraction of the solar spectrum, wide band gap, non-toxicity, and low cost. The photocatalytic performance of Ag2CO3 has recently been improved through the doping of elements and optimization variation of operational parameters resulting in decreasing the rate of electron–hole pair recombination and an increase in the semiconductor’s excitation state efficiency, which enables the degradation of contaminants under UV or visible light exposure. This entry summarized some of the relevant investigations related to Ag2CO3-based photocatalytic materials for EDC removal from water. The inclusion of Ag2CO3-based photocatalytic materials in the water recovery procedure suggests that the creation of a cutting-edge protocol is essential for successfully eliminating EDCs from the ecosystem.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Improvement of Energy Storage in Phase Change Materials
Utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the most effective methods of storing thermal energy and is gaining popularity in renewable energy systems. In order to analyze PCM performance, various numerical methods have been deployed to study the transient behaviour during phase changes. PCMs’ low thermal conductivity prevents their use as pure PCMs in industrial applications. There are various efficient methods of enhancing PCM thermal conductivity.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Natural Fiber in Frictional Material of Brake Pads
Research into the use of eco-friendly materials, such as natural fibers, in brake pads has gained momentum. This can be attributed to the potential of natural fibers to replace traditional materials in tribological applications such as braking pads. The harmful impact of commonly-used brake pad materials, such as metal and mineral fibers, on human health and the environment, necessitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives. Natural fibers, such as banana peels, palm kernels, and palm slag, have been shown to be viable replacements for traditional brake pad materials.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Wind Turbine Blade Recycling Materials
The rapid growth of the wind energy industry has resulted in a significant increase in Wind Turbine Blade (WTB) waste, posing challenges for recycling due to the composite materials used in their construction. Each recycling technique employs distinct approaches, all to reclaim the valuable fibres in these blades. Mechanical recycling yields resin-rich, fibre-rich, and other qualities of byproducts, while pyrolysis generates fibres, fillers, gas, and oil.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Deposition Parameters on the Microstructure of Multilayer Films
Multilayer films with high-density layer interfaces have been studied widely because of the unique mechanical and functional properties. Magnetron sputtering is widely chosen to fabricate multilayer films because of the convenience in controlling the microstructure. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Proteins from Industrial Biowastes
A great amount of biowastes, comprising byproducts and biomass wastes, is originated yearly from the agri-food industry. These biowastes are commonly rich in proteins and polysaccharides and mainly discarded or used for animal feeding. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
WS2-Based Nanomaterials Employed for Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues globally due to its harmful consequences on the ecosystem and public health. Various technologies have been developed for water treatment such as photocatalysis, which has recently drawn scientists’ attention. Photocatalytic techniques using semiconductors have shown an efficient removal of various water contaminants during water treatment as well as cost effectivity and low energy consumption. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is among the promising Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) photocatalysts, as it has an exceptional nanostructure and special properties including high surface area and high carrier mobility. It is usually synthesized via hydrothermal technique, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to obtain a wide variety of nanostructures such as nanosheets and nanorods. Most common examples of water pollutants that can be removed efficiently by WS2-based nanomaterials through semiconductor photocatalytic techniques are organic contaminants, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and infectious microorganisms.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Decontamination
The adsorption isotherm model is a valuable method for determining the theoretical optimal adsorption power as well as the potential interactions between adsorbents and adsorbate. Sorption isotherms are mathematical models that illustrate the allocation of metals in between adsorbate and adsorbent. The distribution of metals in between adsorbate and adsorbent depends upon the nature of the adsorbent whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous, the type of exposure, and the bonding between adsorbent and adsorbate.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Graphene and Carbon-Based Additives
Graphene exhibits remarkable and unparalleled qualities, making it highly desirable for tribological applications due to its exceptionally high mechanical strength, outstanding conductivity, low shear strength, and high surface area. The tribological properties of graphene are controlled by various techniques used for its synthesis and the presence of functional groups, such as residual oxygen functionalities, thickness and lateral dimensions of each sheet, number of atomic lamellae in a sheet, and structural flaws.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Chitosan-Containing Composite Materials for Adsorption and Catalysis
Composite materials including organic–inorganic systems have drawn special attention due to their enhanced properties such as adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts. At the same time, large-scale production of environmentally benign functionalized biopolymers, such as chitosan (CS), allows for constantly developing new materials, since CS reveals remarkable properties as a stabilizing agent for metal-containing compounds and enzymes and as an adsorbent of organic molecules. 
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Laser Cladding Alloying and Composite of Steel Materials
Laser cladding technology is a reliable and efficient surface modification technology, which has been widely used in surface alloying and composite processing of steel materials. Laser cladding alloying and compounding can enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Influencing Factors of Heat Generation
Rubber composites are extensively used in industrial applications for their exceptional elasticity. The fatigue temperature rise occurs during operation, resulting in a serious decline in performance. Reducing heat generation of the composites during cyclic loading will help to avoid substantial overheating that most likely results in the degradation of materials. Influencing factors of heat generation are highlighted, including the Payne effect, Mullins effect, interface interaction, crosslink density, bond rubber content, and fillers. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Fire-Resistant Polysaccharide-Based Composite Aerogels
Fire safety is a critical concern in various industries necessitating the development of sustainable and effective fire-resistant materials. Sustainable fire-resistant polysaccharide-based composite aerogels are regarded as an innovative solution in fire safety applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Field Assisted Heat Treatment of Metallic Materials
Utilizing electromagnetic stirring technology, the magnetic field achieved significant advancements that improved the microstructure and characteristics of the metal solidification process. It gradually regulates the direction of the microstructure and properties of the solid metal material development, mainly reflected in magnetic field-assisted metal material heat treatment.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis and Application of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Aerogels
Aerogel is generated by the replacement of liquid inside a gel with gas by freeze-drying or supercritical drying technique. Three-dimensional graphene-based aerogels (3D GAs), combining the intrinsic properties of graphene and 3D porous structure,  can be prepared via self-assembly method, template-guided method and sol-gel process. They have attracted increasing research interest in varied fields with potential applications in photoredox catalysis, biomedicine, energy storage, supercapacitor or other single aspect.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fabrication of Composite Materials
Composite materials are widely applied in industrial and biomedical fields as structural materials due to their superior comprehensive properties, such as high strength, high stiffness, low weight, corrosion resistance, etc.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Biowaste for Electrodes in Energy Storage Applications
The common waste management methods which include direct dumping into water bodies, open-air combustion, and as land fillers are obsolete and are the major causes of environmental pollution. Conversion of biowastes into valuable materials aids proper waste management, and helps to attain a cleaner environment, in addition to the fact that wastes are turned into wealth. Biowastes are rich in carbon and can serve as excellent precursors for the synthesis of important carbon materials such as activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes etc. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
rGO@TiO2 Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Pollutants
The availability of clean water is essential for humans wellbeing and the diverse biotic population in the environment. Menkind imposes a significant pressure on food supplies, natural resources, and other commodities. Large-scale anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture and industry, which are practiced to ensure population growth and survival, have caused several harmful environmental effects, including the discharge of pollutants into the aquatic environment. rGO-based TiO2 material is commonly used in light-driven photocatalysis of dyes in an aqueous medium. Because of exceptional properties, rGO-based oxide semiconductors promote electron separation, which results in boosting photo-driven reactions such as the degradation of carcinogenic dyes (e.g., methylene blue) and solar-fuel (hydrogen) production. Preparation of rGO-based TiO2 photocatalysts increases the specific surface area of the nanocomposite, consequently increasing the photocatalytic activity, which is why rGO-based semiconductor photocatalysts have been found to be promising in several applications. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Carbon–Manganese Dioxide Composite in Supercapacitors
One of the global problems is environmental pollution by different biowaste. To solve the problem, biowaste must be recycled. Waste-free technology is also a way of saving exhaustible raw materials. Research on electrochemical energy sources is currently the most dynamically developing area of off-grid energy. Electrochemical capacitors can operate for a long time without changing performance, they have smaller dimensions, high mechanical strength, and a wide operating temperature range. These properties are effective energy-saving devices. Therefore, supercapacitors are widely used in various industries.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2022
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