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Topic Review
Glucose and Serum Deprivation in Stem Cells
Stem cell therapy is an evolving treatment strategy in regenerative medicine. Recent studies report stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth could complement the traditional mesenchymal stem cell sources. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit mesenchymal characteristics with multilineage differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells are widely investigated for cell therapy and disease modeling.
  • 585
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Helicoverpa armigera Pheromone-Binding Protein PBP1
Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a worldwide agricultural pest in which the transport of pheromones is indispensable and perceived by pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs).
  • 585
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Arginine Accumulation in Scots Pine Needles
Free arginine (Arg) content was observed to multiply when the level of nitrogen (N) nutrition was high, and additional fertilization with boron (B) potentiated this effect. Owing to this feature, conifers can be suggested for use as bioproducers of Arg. Concentrations of Arg in relation to N and B fertilization needed to be better understood.
  • 585
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Anatomical Defects Associated with  Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome
Repeat breeder cow (RBC) syndrome encompasses cows failing three or more times to become pregnant, but with the special characteristic that their estrous cycles have a normal duration. Farmers and technicians commonly feel incapable of addressing this reproductive issue, and after numerous unsuccessful attempts to conceive, it is often necessary to cull cows. Important economic losses are linked to RBC syndrome due to diagnosis, therapy, or reduced milk production, among others.
  • 585
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Gut Health in Veterinary Medicine
In recent decades, the term “gut health” has become increasingly popular and frequently used in the scientific literature regarding human and veterinary medicine. A consensus on the definition of “gut health” has not yet been reached as the intestine is a complex organ with digestive, immunological, neurological and endocrine functions. Gut health is generally defined as the absence, prevention or avoidance of intestinal disease so that the animal is able to perform its physiological functions in order to withstand exogenous and endogenous stressors. However, a broader definition of gut health should cover multiple positive aspects of the gastrointestinal tract including effective digestion and absorption of feed, the proper structure of gastrointestinal barrier, the absence of gastrointestinal illness, normal and stable intestinal microbiota, effective immune status, and proper control of the enteric nervous system.
  • 582
  • 10 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Data-Driven Soil Analysis and Evaluation for Smart Farming
Food shortage issues affect more and more of the population globally as a consequence of the climate crisis, wars, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing crop output has become one of the urgent priorities for many countries. To raise the productivity of the crop product, it is necessary to monitor and evaluate farmland soil quality by analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil since the soil is the base to provide nutrition to the crop.
  • 580
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Approaches to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture
Agriculture is the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG: methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions)-emitting sector after the energy sector. Agriculture is also recognized as the source and sink of GHGs. Livestock production and feed, nitrogen-rich fertilizers and livestock manure application, crop residue burning, as well as water management in flood-prone cultivation areas are components of agriculture that produce and emit most GHGs. Although agriculture produces 72–89% less GHGs than other sectors, it is believed that reducing GHG emissions in agriculture would considerably lower its share of the global GHG emission records, which may lead to enormous benefits for the environment and food production systems. 
  • 573
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biocides and/or Metals in Co-Selecting Antimicrobial-Resistance in Food-Animal-Production
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue driven by a variety of interconnected factors enabling microorganisms to withstand the killing or static effects of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, antifungals, disinfectants, and preservatives. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents in all contexts is known to result in selection for AMR in microorganisms. There is also evidence that biocidal agents and/or metals may, in some contexts, co-select for AMR in microorganisms. Intensive food animal production plays an important role in the development and spread of AMR and is one of many routes by which consumers can be exposed to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. There is concern that the use of biocides (disinfectants and sanitisers) and certain metals (used in animal feed and for other uses) in food animal production could lead to the development and spread of AMR within the food chain. 
  • 561
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Thrips (Thysanoptera)
Thrips are insect pests of economically important agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and by transmitting several tospoviruses, ilarviruses, carmoviruses, sobemoviruses, and machlomoviruses. Accurate and timely identification is the key to successful management of thrips species. However, their small size, cryptic nature, presence of color and reproductive morphs, and intraspecies genetic variability make the identification of thrips species challenging. The use of molecular and electronic detection platforms has made thrips identification rapid, precise, sensitive, high throughput, and independent of developmental stages. Multi-locus phylogeny based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and other markers has resolved ambiguities in morphologically indistinguishable thrips species. Microsatellite, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and CAPS markers have helped to explain population structure, gene flow, and intraspecies heterogeneity. Recent techniques such as LAMP and RPA have been employed for sensitive and on-site identification of thrips. Artificial neural networks and high throughput diagnostics facilitate automated identification. 
  • 558
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Canine In Vitro Models of Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer (BC) constitutes approximately 2% of all spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs. With estimates that 4–6 million pet dogs develop cancer in the United States annually, this equates to more than 60,000 cases of BC in dogs each year. More than 95% of canine BCs are urothelial carcinomas (UCs), also known as transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs).
  • 554
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Aβ-Induced Alterations in Membrane Lipids
Loss of active synapses and alterations in membrane lipids are crucial events in physiological aging as well as in neurodegenerative disorders. Both are related to the abnormal aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) species, generally known as amyloidosis.
  • 549
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Role of Circular RNAs in Cattle Health
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are derived from regions that are transcribed but do not code for proteins. Instead, they form covalent closed-loop structures and play a crucial role in many biological processes. Studies show that they have an important role in cattle health, welfare and productive characteristics.
  • 543
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Aflatoxin Toxicity
Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary metabolite with a potentially devastating effect in causing liver damage in broiler chickens, and this is mainly facilitated through the generation of oxidative stress and malonaldehyde build-up. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in controlling the invasion of aflatoxins.
  • 540
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Transport Duration on Piglets Welfare
Over the years, the impact of transport duration on the welfare of piglets has been assessed through the study of its effects on mortality (dead-on-arrival, DOA) rate, behavioural and physiological responses, hunger, and dehydration/thirst.
  • 537
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Lipid Metabolism and Improvement in Oilseed Crops
Oilseed crops are rich in plant lipids that not only provide essential fatty acids for the human diet but also play important roles as major sources of biofuels and indispensable raw materials for the chemical industry. The regulation of lipid metabolism genes is a major factor affecting oil production.
  • 530
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
FibroDB
FibroDB is an easy-to-use web application that allows end-users to explore expression changes of protein-coding and lncRNA genes using the three most-commonly used normalized expression values (CPM, RPKM, and TPM).
  • 523
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Bovine Genital Leptospirosis
Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains from the Sejroe serogroup, such as Hardjo and Guaricura, which lead to renal and genital infection. The genital colonization causes a chronic, silent, and subclinical reproductive syndrome, called Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL). Embryonic death, estrus repetition, subfertility, and abortions are the main signs of BGL condition in females. However, although leptospires have been identified in semen, the manifestation of BGL in bulls remains to be clarified. 
  • 515
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Methionine and Arginine in Intestinal Health of Poultry
To achieve optimal growth and productivity of poultry, ensuring their health and well-being is essential. Studies have illuminated the functional roles of certain amino acids, highlighting their unique contributions to various physiological processes and the synthesis of metabolically important molecules. Methionine and arginine are two notable examples of such amino acids.
  • 509
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Mammalian Tribbles Interactomes
Tribbles proteins play various roles in cancer initiation and progression. However, still little is known about their molecular actions. Here we developed a mass spectrometry-based approach to study the Tribbles interactomes, allowing us to discover new interactors and functions that might help to understand their behavior better. Our proteomics data highlight the ability of TRIB3 to interact with transcription regulatory proteins and point to a new role in gene repression. Systematic analyses like these will help to evaluate the potential of Tribbles proteins as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 
  • 506
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Precision Genome-Editing Tools Successfully Used in Livestock
Genome editing of farm animals has undeniable practical applications. It helps to improve production traits, enhances the economic value of livestock, and increases disease resistance. Gene-modified animals are also used for biomedical research and drug production and demonstrate the potential to be used as xenograft donors for humans.
  • 503
  • 22 Aug 2023
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