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Topic Review
MALDI Mass Spectrometry
MALDI Mass Spectrometry is an analytical technique able to study the complex interdependency between chemical interaction and structural conformation of several protein based assemblies.
  • 2.2K
  • 16 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Drought Stress
Drought is one of the most important factors restricting agricultural production, which seriously affects crop yield.
  • 2.2K
  • 18 May 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidants: Improving Food Shelf Life
Oxidation is the main problem in preserving food products during storage. A relatively novel strategy is the use of antioxidant-enriched edible films. Antioxidants hinder reactive oxygen species, which mainly affect fats and proteins in food.
  • 2.2K
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption in Thailand
Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be a solution for sustainable transportation. EVs can reduce fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and the negative impacts of climate change and global warming, as well as help improve air quality.
  • 2.2K
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
MEMS Inertial Switches
An exhaustive summary of the design concept, performance aspects, and fabrication methods of the micro electromechanical system (MEMS) inertial switch is provided. Different MEMS inertial switch studies were reviewed that emphasized acceleration directional and threshold sensitivity, contact characteristics, and their superiorities and disadvantages. Furthermore, the specific fabrication methods offer an applicability reference for the preparation process for the designed inertial switch, including non-silicon surface micromachining technology, standard silicon micromachining technology, and the special fabrication method for the liquid inertial switch. At the end, the main conclusions of the current challenges and prospects about MEMS inertial switches are drawn to assist with the development of research in the field of future engineering applications.
  • 2.2K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
AMD Radeon 400 Series
The Radeon 400 series is a series of graphics cards made by AMD. These cards were the first to feature the Polaris GPUs, using the new 14 nm FinFET manufacturing process. The Polaris family initially included two new chips in the Graphics Core Next (GCN) family (Polaris 10 and Polaris 11). Polaris implements the 4th generation of the Graphics Core Next instruction set, and shares commonalities with the previous GCN microarchitectures.
  • 2.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
LC-3
Little Computer 3, or LC-3, is a type of computer educational programming language, an assembly language, which is a type of low-level programming language. It features a relatively simple instruction set, but can be used to write moderately complex assembly programs, and is a theoretically viable target for a C compiler. The language is less complex than x86 assembly but has many features similar to those in more complex languages. These features make it useful for beginning instruction, so it is most often used to teach fundamentals of programming and computer architecture to computer science and computer engineering students. The LC-3 was developed by Yale N. Patt at the University of Texas at Austin and Sanjay J. Patel at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Their specification of the instruction set, the overall architecture of the LC-3, and a hardware implementation can be found in the second edition of their textbook. Courses based on the LC-3 and Patt and Patel's book are offered in many computer engineering and computer science departments.
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
N747PA
N747PA, was the registration of a Boeing 747-121. Also known as Clipper Juan T. Trippe, it was the second 747 ever built. It was purchased by Pan Am in 1970. Following an accident in 1971, the aircraft continued service with Pan Am until its collapse in 1991. It served as a freighter until 1997 when it was used as a source of spare parts. In 2000 it was purchased by a South Korean couple and converted into a restaurant. After laying abandoned for years following the restaurant's failure in 2005, the aircraft was finally scrapped in 2010.
  • 2.2K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Caffeine Consumption and Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common disorder defined as the presence of endometrial tissue (glandular cells and stroma) outside the uterine cavity.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Silver Nanoparticles for Conductive Ink
Nanoparticles, defined as having one of the dimensions in the 1–100 nm range, show unique and considerably different physical, chemical, and biological properties, compared to bulk materials, due to their large portion of surface atoms and the reduced area to volume ratio. 
  • 2.2K
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Publicness Assessment
Publicness is one of the substantial attributes of public open spaces (POS). The concept of publicness involves the definition of public (versus private). 
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI
MR spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) obtain metabolic information noninvasively from nuclei spins. For in vivo applications, common MR-active nuclei are protons (1H), phosphorus (31P), carbon (13C), sodium (23Na), and xenon (129Xe). The most common are protons due to their high gyromagnetic ratio and natural abundance in the human body. Since most metabolic processes involve carbon, 13C spectroscopy is a valuable method to measure in vivo metabolism noninvasively [1,2,3]. 13C spectra are characterized by a large spectral range (162–185 ppm), narrow line widths, and low sensitivity due to the low gyromagnetic ratio (a quarter as compared to protons) and natural abundance of 1.1% in vivo. However, the sensitivity can be increased with the use of 13C-enriched agents and by hyperpolarization.Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI is a method that magnetizes 13C probes to dramatically increase signal as compared to conventional MRI [3]. Metabolic and functional HP 13C MRI is a promising diagnostic tool for detecting disorders linked to altered metabolism such as cancer, diabetes, and heart diseases [4], increasing sensitivity sufficiently to map metabolic pathways in vivo without the use of ionizing radiation, as in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Metabolic imaging using HP 13C compounds has been translated successfully into single-organ examinations in healthy controls and various patient populations.
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Compounds Exhibiting Antioxidant and Anti-Browning Properties
The browning process is a natural phenomenon occurring in fruit and vegetable, which has become a challenge in the food industry sector. The undesired condition caused by browning processes has a significant impact on food quality as it causes deterioration in nutritional and sensory properties, as well as safety. Enzymatic browning is an oxidation reaction. This reaction can be prevented by the removal of oxygen from the cut surface of fruit and vegetables. Nonetheless, the browning can be recovered when oxygen is re-established. Therefore, the utilization of antioxidant and browning inhibitors to inactivate the enzymes responsible for browning is widely employed in the food industry, especially the fresh-cut industry. Seeking the natural compounds as food preservatives derived from natural extracts is highly recommended. 
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
A Specialty Fiber for Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology
Specialty fibers have introduced new levels of flexibility and variability in distributed fiber sensing applications. In particular, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems utilized the unique functions of specialty fibers to achieve performance enhancements in various distributed sensing applications. 
  • 2.2K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
On 3D Reconstruction with RGB-D Cameras
The representation of the physical world is an issue that concerns the scientific community studying computer vision, more and more. Related research has focused on modern techniques and methods of photogrammetry and stereoscopy with the aim of reconstructing three-dimensional realistic models with high accuracy and metric information in a short time. In order to obtain data at a relatively low cost, various tools have been developed, such as depth cameras. RGB-D cameras are novel sensing systems that capture RGB images along with per-pixel depth information.
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Pliosaurus
Pliosaurus (meaning 'more lizard') is an extinct genus of thalassophonean pliosaurid known from the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages (Late Jurassic) of Europe and South America. Their diet would have included fish, cephalopods, and marine reptiles. This genus has contained many species in the past but recent reviews found only six (P. brachydeirus, P. carpenteri, P. funkei, P. kevani, P. rossicus and P. westburyensis) to be valid, while the validity of two additional species awaits a petition to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Currently, P. brachyspondylus and P. macromerus are considered dubious, while P. portentificus is considered undiagnostic. Most species of Pliosaurus reached 8 metres (26 ft) in length and 5 metric tons (5.5 short tons) in body mass, while P. rossicus and P. funkei may have reached or even exceeded 10 metres (33 ft) in length and 11 metric tons (12 short tons) in body mass, being the largest plesiosaurs of all time. Species of this genus are differentiated from other pliosaurids based on seven autapomorphies, including teeth that are triangular in cross section.
  • 2.2K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Opto-physiological monitoring
Opto-physiological monitoring (OPM) considers biological tissue  as a set of optical media, study how light interacts within biological tissue, where the optical properties of the latter reflect the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of the living organism. OPM includes optoelectronic sensor based contact monitoring and image sensor based remote monitoring.
  • 2.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain
Congenital insensitivity to pain is a condition that inhibits the ability to perceive physical pain.
  • 2.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was first established as a life-saving approach for nutritional support in infants in 1968. Originally, the solution contained only dextrose, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, as there were no suitable lipid solutions. To overcome this limitation, plasma was given to provide essential fatty acids. However, high carbohydrate administration during TPN can increase hepatic de novo lipogenesis and may predispose individuals to hyperglycemia, so the initial formulations were not ideal. Lipid emulsions were created to supply the necessary essential fatty acids to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and to the meet energy and growth needs. While the provision of TPN containing lipid emulsions has successfully reduced the overall mortality of premature infants and infants that are intractable to enteral feeding, there have been a number of diseases that have arisen from its use. Despite line infections and sepsis being the most common issues with TPN, more complex diseases can arise during TPN use. Cholestatic liver disease historically has been among the common TPN related morbidities in infants.
  • 2.2K
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Improvement in Durability and Service of Asphalt Pavements
Develop a pavement design procedure that allows calibrating the design variables of asphalt pavements using regionalized conditions, to obtain efficient pavement performance for developing countries with limited resources and data.
  • 2.2K
  • 13 May 2022
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