Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Foundation (Engineering)
A foundation is the element of a structural engineering which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures.
  • 2.2K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Biography
Claude Pouillet
Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet (16 February 1790 – 14 June 1868) was a France physicist and a professor of physics at the Sorbonne and member of the French Academy of Sciences (elected 1837). He studied sciences at the École normale supérieure (Paris), and from 1829 to 1849 was associated with the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, first as a professor, and beginning in 1832, a
  • 2.2K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Lithium-Ion Battery Capacity Estimation Methods for Management Systems
With the widespread use of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in Electric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid EVs and Renewable Energy Systems (RESs), much attention has been given to Battery Management System (BMSs). By monitoring the terminal voltage, current and temperature, BMS can evaluate the status of the Li-ion batteries and manage the operation of cells in a battery pack, which is fundamental for the high efficiency operation of EVs and smart grids. Battery capacity estimation is one of the key functions in the BMS, and battery capacity indicates the maximum storage capability of a battery which is essential for the battery State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation and lifespan management.
  • 2.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Soil and Irrigation Water Salinity in Ethiopia
The salt problem in Ethiopia has been further exacerbated by a number of factors, including poor water quality, ineffective on-farm water management techniques, and a lack of appropriate and technically sound drainage infrastructure at irrigation sites.  Soil and irrigation water salinity have a substantial link with crops and agricultural communities in Ethiopia. Salinity has a significant impact on soil and water fertility, resulting in poorer agricultural production, food insecurity, and poverty. Salinity has a significant impact on crops in the country, from the germination stages to the harvesting stages during the growing season. If the current state of soil and water management continues, the severity of both soil and irrigation water salinity will reach an irreversible level that significantly impedes the country’s agricultural production capacity. As a result, cultured irrigation water treatment, crop selection based on salinity and sodicity levels, irrigation water quality, leaching, and fertilizer use in combination with organic manures are scientifically proven actions to address the salinity problem. 
  • 2.2K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Starch-Based Polymer Materials as Adsorbents for Water Treatment
Owing to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, starch is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that scientists are looking into as a possible environmentally friendly material for sustainable water remediation. Starch could exhibit significant adsorption capabilities towards pollutants with the substitution of amide, amino, carboxyl, and other functional groups for hydroxyl groups. Starch derivatives may effectively remove contaminants such as oil, organic solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceutical pollutants by employing adsorption techniques at a rate greater than 90%. The maximal adsorption capacities of starch-based adsorbents for oil and organic solvents, pesticides, heavy metal ions, dyes, and pharmaceuticals are 13,000, 66, 2000, 25,000, and 782 mg/g, respectively.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pyrazino[1,2-a]Indoles
The pyrazino[1,2-a]indole unit is a tricyclic aromatic nucleus combining an indole and a pyrazine linked by the N5 and C9a atoms. The Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrazino[1,2-a]Indole and Pyrazino[1,2-a]Indol-1-One Derivatives is presented.
  • 2.2K
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
M-16V as Infant Probiotic
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V is a commonly used probiotic strain in infants. M-16V has been demonstrated to offer potential in protecting infants from developing devastating necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and allergic diseases.
  • 2.2K
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Morita Therapy
Morita therapy is an ecological, purpose-centered, response-oriented therapy created through case-based research by Shoma Morita, M.D. (1874–1938). Morita developed his theory of consciousness and medically-grounded four-stage progressive therapeutic method with rigor. The goal of Morita therapy is to have the patient accept life as it is. This does not mean that the patient cannot set and achieve goals, but be able to be satisfied with their life in the moment. Morita therapy places an emphasis on letting nature take its course. This is not to say that patients should be resigned to their mental illness but to respect the laws of nature. Feeling emotions is a law of nature according to Morita therapy. Morita therapy helps its patients understand that experiencing emotions, positive or negative, is a facet of being a human being. Morita describes his own therapy as follows: Morita therapy was originally developed to address shinkeishitsu, an outdated term used in Japan to describe patients who have various types of anxiety. Morita therapy was designed not to completely rid the patient of shinkeishitsu but to lessen the damaging effects. While Morita therapy has been described as cognate to Albert Ellis's rational-emotive therapy, this description does not account for the ecological foundation of the therapy. Morita therapy also has commonalities with existential and cognitive behavioral therapy.
  • 2.2K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Weierstrass's Elliptic Functions
In mathematics, Weierstrass's elliptic functions are elliptic functions that take a particularly simple form. They are named for Karl Weierstrass. This class of functions are also referred to as p-functions and they are usually denoted by the symbol ℘. They play an important role in theory of elliptic functions. A ℘-function together with its derivative can be used to parameterize elliptic curves and they generate the field of elliptic functions with respect to a given period lattice.
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Secularization
Secularization is a complex sociological concept that denotes the diminishing influence and significance of religious beliefs and institutions in various aspects of society, such as politics, education, and culture. It involves the gradual shift away from a society where religious values and institutions play a central role in shaping public life to one where secular or non-religious principles increasingly guide social norms and institutions. This process is often characterized by the declining importance of religious authority, rituals, and practices in the face of the rise of secular ideologies and institutions.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Hox Gene Expression
Hox genes play key roles in axial patterning and regulating the regional identity of cells and tissues in a wide variety of animals from invertebrates to vertebrates.
  • 2.2K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Conditional Value at Risk
The core model in this paper, “CoVaR”, is an abbreviation for “Conditional Value at Risk”, which has been increasingly applied in the field of systemic risk and can be used for analyzing the systemic risk in different perspectives.
  • 2.2K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Commercially Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts for Winemaking
About 42 commercial products based on non-Saccharomyces yeasts are estimated as available on the market, being mostly pure cultures (79%), with a predominance of Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. The others are multi-starter consortia that include non-Saccharomyces/Saccharomyces mixtures or only non-Saccharomyces species. Several commercial yeasts have shown adequate biocompatibility with S. cerevisiae in mixed fermentations, allowing an increased contribution of metabolites of oenological interest, such as glycerol, esters, higher alcohols, acids, thiols, and terpenes, among others, in addition to a lower production of acetic acid, volatile phenols, biogenic amines, or urea. The studies conducted to date demonstrate the potential of these yeasts to improve the properties of wine as an alternative and complement to the traditional S. cerevisiae. 
  • 2.2K
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
AWS Architecture for Smart Livestock
In the ecological future of the planet, intelligent agriculture relies on CPS and IoT to free up human resources and increase production efficiency. Due to the growing number of connected IoT devices, the maximum scalability capacity, and available computing power of the existing architectural frameworks will be reached. This necessitates finding a solution that meets the continuously growing demands in smart farming. Cloud-based IoT solutions are achieving increasingly high popularity. The aim of this study was to design a scalable cloud-based architecture for a smart livestock monitoring system following Agile methodology and featuring environmental monitoring, health, growth, behaviour, reproduction, emotional state, and stress levels of animals. The AWS services used, and their specific tasks related to the proposed architecture are explained in detail. A stress test was performed to prove the data ingesting and processing capability of the proposed architecture. Experimental results proved that the proposed architecture using AWS automated scaling mechanisms and IoT devices are fully capable of processing the growing amount of data, which in turn allow for meeting the required needs of the constantly expanding number of CPS systems. 
  • 2.2K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
RAASi Therapy
RAASi therapy (ACEi, ARB, MRA, and ARNi therapy) is the cornerstone therapy for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
  • 2.2K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Biography
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South.[1] Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States. Despite the social a
  • 2.2K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Wood Vinegar as Antimicrobial Agent in Animal Husbandry
Wood vinegar (WV), also known as pyroligneous acid, as an alternative antimicrobial with good potential to replace conventional products. Many studies have demonstrated that WV is a promising product. WV is a nontoxic additive widely employed in the food industry to impart a smoked flavor to foods. Studies have shown that, depending on the WV concentration, good results can be achieved using it as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and a valuable growth promoter for poultry and pigs.
  • 2.2K
  • 13 Jan 2025
Topic Review
Bile Acids in Retinal Diseases
Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic sterols primarily synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and released in the intestinal lumen upon food intake. BAs play important roles in micellination of dietary lipids, stimulating bile flow, promoting biliary phospholipid secretion, and regulating cholesterol synthesis and elimination. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that, aside from their conventional biological function, BAs are also important signaling molecules and therapeutic tools. In the last decade, the therapeutic applications of BAs in the treatment of ocular diseases have gained great interest. 
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Liquid Biopsy
Liquid Biopsy (LB) is a novel method for cancer diagnosis performed by analyzing and sampling of non-solid biological tissues, obtained primarily from blood, but also from other body fluids such as urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Salvia hispanica and Salviae hispanicae semen
Salvia hispanica L. is a plant species that has been used since antiquity and is now highly valued for its unique nutritional and potential medicinal properties. Chia seeds have recently become one of the most popular food ingredients, with a number of beneficial effects on the functioning of the human body. The data presented under our review indicate that they are also a valuable health-promoting dietary supplement as well as cosmetic ingredient. Scientific studies on pharmacological activities of chia seeds proved their potential valuable role in the prevention of diseases which currently are considered a global health problem. The research confirmed the cardioprotective, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, as well as antioxidant properties.
  • 2.2K
  • 16 Feb 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 2799
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback