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Topic Review
Synthesis of PbO Nanostructures
Black-phosphorus-analog lead monoxide (PbO), as a new emerging 2D material, has rapidly gained popularity due to its unique optical and electronic properties. Both theoretical prediction and experimental confirmation have revealed that PbO exhibits excellent semiconductor properties, including a tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, and excellent photoresponse performance, which is undoubtedly of great interest to explore its practical application in a variety of fields, especially in nanophotonics. 
  • 638
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bismuth-Based Composites for Energy Storage Systems
Bismuth (Bi) has been prompted many investigations into the development of next-generation energy storage systems on account of its unique physicochemical properties. Although there are still some challenges, the application of metallic Bi-based materials in the field of energy storage still has good prospects. 
  • 638
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanoplasmonics Enabling Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy
Advances in the state of the art for early cancer detection and therapy have led to a paradigm shift in the way the disease is detected and treated. In particular, treatments have become much more targeted and localized to minimize systemic body-wide side effects common in traditional treatment methods such as chemotherapy. At the forefront of this revolution is the utilization of plasmonic gold nanoparticles, which have gained increasing attention as a highly effective nanoplatform ranging from drug delivery to plasmonics-enhanced treatments such as photothermal therapy.
  • 634
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Direct Optical Patterning of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Patterning, stability, and dispersion of the semiconductor quantum dots (scQDs) are three issues strictly interconnected for successful device manufacturing. Several authors adopted direct optical patterning (DOP) as a step forward in photolithography to position the scQDs in a selected area. However, the chemistry behind the stability, dispersion, and patterning has to be carefully integrated to obtain a functional commercial device. 
  • 634
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Nanosystems “Antibiotic—Metal Nanoparticles”
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are an effective solution to overcome bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, some of these NPs are toxic, which severely limits their biomedical applications. The combined use of metal NPs with antibiotic drugs can improve their bactericidal effectiveness. In some cases the revealed bactericidal effect of hybrid drug forms will lead to a reduction in the required doses and a decrease in their toxicity to human cells. Moreover, the combination of metal NPs and antibiotic drugs will preserve the ability of the latter to destroy bacteria that have become resistant to them.
  • 627
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Combinatorial Technique in Materials Science
The novel, single-sample concept combinatorial method, the so-called micro-combinatory technique, has been shown to be suitable for the high-throughput and complex characterization of multicomponent thin films over an entire composition range. In addition to the 3 mm diameter TEM grid used for microstructural analysis, by scaling up the substrate size to 10 × 25 mm, this novel approach has allowed for a comprehensive study of the properties of the materials as a function of their composition, which has been determined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry, and nanoindentation studies.
  • 627
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Nanocarrier-Based Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Nanomedicine presents innovative solutions for cancer treatment, including photothermal therapy (PTT). PTT centers on the design of photoactivatable nanoparticles capable of absorbing non-toxic near-infrared light, generating heat within target cells to induce cell death. The successful transition from benchside to bedside application of PTT critically depends on the core properties of nanoparticles responsible for converting light into heat and the surface properties for precise cell-specific targeting. Precisely targeting the intended cells remains a primary challenge in PTT.
  • 619
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Microenvironmental Behaviour of Nanotheranostic Systems
The development of smart, efficient and multifunctional material systems for diseases treatment are imperative to meet current and future health challenges. Nanomaterials with theranostic properties have offered a cost effective and efficient solution for disease treatment, particularly, metal/oxide based nanotheranostic systems already offering therapeutic and imaging capabilities for cancer treatment. Nanoparticles can selectively generate/scavenge ROS through intrinsic or external stimuli to augment/diminish oxidative stress. An efficient treatment requires higher oxidative stress/toxicity in malignant disease, with a minimal level in surrounding normal cells. The size, shape and surface properties of nanoparticles are critical parameters for achieving a theranostic function in the microenvironment. The exhibition of therapeutics properties such as selective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, hyperthermia, antibacterial, antiviral, and imaging capabilities such as MRI, CT and fluorescence activity have been reported in a variety of developed nanosystems to combat cancer, neurodegenerative and emerging infectious diseases.
  • 616
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Plasmon-Assisted Molecular Catalysis
The utilization of plasmonic nanomaterials in catalytic technologies is an emerging research field with foreseeable applications in energy-catalytic technologies. On this front, the coupling of plasmonic nanomaterials with molecular catalysts is a newly approached, thus far unexploited field.
  • 616
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nonmetallic Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
As a key role in hindering the large-scale application of fuel cells, oxygen reduction reaction has always been a hot issue and nodus. Nonmetallic catalysts have a low cost, good stability and resistance in oxygen reduction reactions. 
  • 608
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pharmaceutical Applications of Liposomes
Liposomes have been extensively developed and used for various clinical applications such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic fields, due to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as well as the ability to enhance the therapeutic index of free drugs. However, some challenges remain unsolved, including liposome premature leakage, manufacturing irreproducibility, and limited translation success.
  • 601
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Extensive Use of Graphene in Detection of Viruses
Graphene and its derivatives offer considerable merits in biosensing applications for pathogenic virus detection.
  • 597
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Sample Preparation Methods Prior to Liquid Chromatography
Magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures compose an innovative subject in sample preparation. Most of them are designed according to the properties of the target analytes on each occasion. The unique characteristics of nanomaterials enhance the proficiency at extracting and enriching due to their selective adsorption ability as well as easy separation and surface modification. Their remarkable properties, such as superparamagnetism, biocompatibility and selectivity have established magnetic materials as very reliable options in sample preparation approaches.
  • 596
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Dimension Engineering in Noble-Metal-Based Nanocatalysts
Catalysts play a pivotal role in modern industries, such as energy, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals, serving as cornerstone of high-tech production. Noble metals, such as gold, silver, and platinum group elements, possess the superb catalytic characteristics of high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, stable electrochemical performance, high catalytic activity, and so on. These characteristics offer excellent prospects for applications in catalysis.
  • 591
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Dendrimers and Dendritic Materials against Infectious Diseases
The COVID-19 pandemic showed more deeply the need of our society to provide new therapeutic strategies to fight infectious diseases, not only against currently known illnesses, where common antibiotics and drugs appear to be not fully effective, but also against new infectious threats that may arise. 
  • 590
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Nanoparticle-Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems for Immunotherapy
Successful clinical results of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment were led by antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, and many have advanced through clinical trials and obtained FDA approval. A major opportunity remains for the development of nucleic acid technology for cancer immunotherapy in the form of cancer vaccines, adoptive T-cell therapies, and gene regulation. However, these therapeutic approaches face many challenges related to their delivery to target cells, including their in vivo decay, the limited uptake by target cells, the requirements for nuclear penetration (in some cases), and the damage caused to healthy cells. These barriers can be avoided and resolved by utilizing advanced smart nanocarriers (e.g., lipids, polymers, spherical nucleic acids, metallic nanoparticles) that enable the efficient and selective delivery of nucleic acids to the target cells and/or tissues.
  • 588
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
N-Annulated Perylene Diimide Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics
The classic perylene diimide dye has been extensively used to construct non-fullerene acceptors, leading to device power conversion efficiencies of over 10%. Strong visible light absorption and deep frontier molecular energy levels have made such materials (both molecular and polymeric) near ideal for pairing with narrow-gap conjugated polymers in bulk-heterojunction active layers. The N-annulation of the dye provides an extra site for side-chain engineering and alters the electronic structure of the polycyclic aromatic core. In addition, N-annulation allows for selective bromination of the perylene core, leading to building blocks that are useful for the construction of large molecular frameworks using the atom-economical direct heteroarylation cross-coupling method.
  • 582
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Traditional Group-IV Material Batteries through Ion Migration
Ion migration refers to the process of ions moving within a medium driven by an external electric field or a chemical gradient. The prerequisite for the implementation of ion migration technology lies in the construction of suitable electrodes, electrolytes, and media. Group-IV materials, due to their abundant raw materials, low production costs, non-toxic nature, and excellent electrochemical properties, serve as ideal anode materials for various ion migration-based batteries. Group-IV materials, as crucial components of ion migration-driven energy storage technologies, have been a focal point of research for decades. Various studies encompass the design and fabrication of rational structures, as well as selecting metal ions with different valence states (Li+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Al3+, etc.) to enhance the performance of ion batteries.
  • 573
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of the AuNP-Liposome Nanocomposites
AuNP-liposome nanocomposites have been evaluated for several biomedical applications including imaging, sensing, cancer therapy, and light-responsive drug delivery.
  • 570
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
3D Structured Capacitive Sensors
Rapid technological advancements have led to increased demands for sensors. Hence, high performance suitable for next-generation technology is required. As sensing technology has numerous applications, various materials and patterning methods are used for sensor fabrication. This affects the characteristics and performance of sensors, and research centered specifically on these patterns is necessary for high integration and high performance of these devices. 
  • 568
  • 09 Nov 2023
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