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Topic Review
Synthesis of Quantum Dots, Polymer, and Nanocomposites
Owing to the nanometer size range, Quantum Dots (QDs) have exhibited unique physical and chemical properties which are favourable for different applications. Especially, due to their quantum confinement effect, excellent optoelectronic characteristics is been observed. This considerable progress has not only uplifted the singular usage of QDs, but also encouraged to prepare various hybrid materials to achieve superior efficiency by eliminating certain shortcomings. Such issues can be overcome by compositing QDs with polymers. 
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
DMAHDM Nanocomposite
Researchers have developed novel nanocomposites that incorporate additional biomaterials with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) in order to reduce secondary caries. The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature and assess the synergistic antibacterial and remineralizing effects that may contribute to the prevention of secondary caries. An electronic search was undertaken in MEDLINE using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. 
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-Hydrogels System for Drug Delivery
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are lipid nanoparticles of the second generation made up of solid lipid matrices mixed with liquid lipids (oils). The hybrid system between NLC and hydrogel may results in the enhancement of each component's synergistic properties in the mechanical strength of the hydrogel and concomitantly decrease aggregation of the NLC. Therefore, the advanced hybrid component development in nanotechnology provides superior functionality in the application of scientific knowledge for the drug delivery industry. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Shade Covers in Water Reservoirs
Shade objects are small plastic spheres, squares or even hexagons floating on top of a water reserve for environmental reasons. The creator of shade balls in California originally used them to prevent chemical treatments in the reservoir from reacting with sunlight creating bromate, which is a carcinogen regulated by many institutions worldwide (chlorine plus sunlight turns bromine into bromate that is a potentially cancer-causing agent; because shady objects stop bromate from forming below, less chlorine is required to treat the water than without them). More recently, other environmental issues have been associated to the use of shade objects: slowing down water evaporation, preventing algae blooms, avoiding birds landing on bodies of water and promote water heating.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Decellularized Colorectal Cancer Matrices as Bioactive Scaffolds
More than a physical structure providing support to tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules that modulates the behavior of both cancer cells and associated stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the last few years, several efforts have been made to develop new models that accurately mimic the interconnections within the TME and specifically the biomechanical and biomolecular complexity of the tumor ECM. Particularly in colorectal cancer, the ECM is highly remodeled and disorganized and constitutes a key component that affects cancer hallmarks, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, several scaffolds produced from natural and/or synthetic polymers and ceramics have been used in 3D biomimetic strategies for colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, decellularized ECM from colorectal tumors is a unique model that offers the maintenance of native ECM architecture and molecular composition.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
2,7(3,6)-Diaryl(arylamino)-substituted Carbazoles
The carbazole is an electron-rich heterocyclic compound, whose structure can be easily modified by rather simple reactions in order to obtain 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles. The substituted derivatives are widely used for the formation of Organic light emitting diode (OLED) due to their good charge carrier injection and transfer characteristics, electroluminescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, improved thermal and morphological stability as well as their thin film forming characteristics. 
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Natural and Synthetic Halogenated Amino Acids
The 3D structure and surface characteristics of proteins and peptides are crucial for interactions with receptors or ligands and can be modified to some extent to modulate their biological roles and pharmacological activities. The introduction of halogen atoms on the side-chains of amino acids is a powerful tool for effecting this type of tuning, influencing both the physico-chemical and structural properties of the modified polypeptides, helping to first dissect and then rationally modify features that affect their mode of action.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Vancomycin with Muramyl Pentapeptide
Vancomycin and a native muramyl pentapeptide ended with D-alanine (MPP-D-Ala), and vancomycin and a modified muramyl pentapeptide ended with D-serine (MPP-D-Ser) form complexes in a very specific way. This complexes provide a basis for characterizing the type and stability of the connection. The type of experimentally measured and computer-simulated interactions opens the field for discussion on possible modifications to the structure of vancomycin or muramyl pentapeptide to obtain their desired characteristics.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Polymeric Composite of Magnetite Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are magnetics nanoparticles (MNPs) that have received extensive attention because of their physicochemical and magnetic properties and their ease of combination with organic or inorganic compounds. Commonly, MNPs act as a reinforcing material for the polymer matrix. 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Edible Films/Coatings Based in Gums and Starch
Edible films and coatings allow preserving fresh and processed food, maintaining quality, preventing microbial contamination and/or oxidation reactions and increasing the shelf life of food products. The structural matrix of edible films and coatings is mainly constituted by proteins, lipids or polysaccharides. However, it is possible to increase the bioactive potential of these polymeric matrices by adding phenolic compounds obtained from plant extracts. Phenolic compounds are known to possess several biological properties such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Incorporating phenolic compounds enriched plant extracts in edible films and coatings contribute to preventing food spoilage/deterioration and the extension of shelf life. 
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Membranes Used as Separators in Microbial Fuel Cells
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are electrochemical devices focused on bioenergy generation and organic matter removal carried out by microorganisms under anoxic environments. In these types of systems, the anodic oxidation reaction is catalyzed by anaerobic microorganisms, while the cathodic reduction reaction can be carried out biotically or abiotically. Membranes as separators in MFCs are the primary requirements for optimal electrochemical and microbiological performance.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Indole Derivatives as Anti-Lung Cancer Agents
Indole scaffold is considered one of the most privileged scaffolds in heterocyclic chemistry. Indole may serve as an effective probe for the development of new drug candidates against challenging diseases, including lung cancer. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Rearrangement of Alkylallenes to 1,3-Dienes
1,3-Dienes are vital building blocks in organic synthesis. They underpin many fundamental synthetic transformations and are present in numerous natural products and drug candidate molecules.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
A biomaterial is a synthetic material used to replace part of a living system or a material meant to be in contact with living tissue. In this sense, biomaterials can be categorized into polymers, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles, where each will show a different type of bioactivity. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been the gold standard in the biomedical field due to its composition and similarity to human bone. HAP nanoparticles have been used as vehicles for delivery due to their affinity to DNA, proteins, several drugs, and proper release activity.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Betulin
Betulin is an important triterpenoid substance isolated from birch bark, which, together with its sulfates, exhibits important bioactive properties. Using the potentiometric titration method, the product of acidity constants K1 and K2 of a solution of the betulin disulfate H+ form has been found to be 3.86 × 10–6 ± 0.004. It has been demonstrated by the thermal analysis that betulin and the betulin disulfate sodium salt are stable at temperatures of up to 240 and 220 °C, respectively. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Ethanol Stability and Composition of Camel Milk
Camel milk has recently gained the interest of consumers and the dairy industry, as it is widely suggested as an ideal substitute for cow milk. The nutritional value and the bioactivity of camel milk proteins have received particular attention from research groups and industrial companies around the world. Camel milk proteins can be used as ingredients in the manufacturing and stabilization of foods and beverages; however, in these applications, the controlled aggregation of milk proteins and stability at high temperatures and in alcohol are desirable. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Camelids' Milk
Camel milk has always represented an important food for nomadic people in the arid parts of the world; recently, camel milk attracted great attention as a possible replacer to dairy cow’s milk because of its therapeutic effects. The use of alternative milk for feeding children can be effective in reducing the development of gastrointestinal disorders.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Coffee By-Products and Their Applications
As coffee consumption is on the rise, and the global coffee production creates an excess of 23 million tons of waste per year, a revolutionary transition towards a circular economy via the transformation and valorization of the main by-products from its cultivation and preparation (Coffee Husk (CH), Coffee Pulp (CP), Coffee Silverskin (CS), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)) is inspiring researchers around the world.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Trending Methods for Rapid Cannabinoids Detection
Roadside testing of illicit drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) requires simple, rapid, and cost-effective methods. The need for non-invasive detection tools has led to the development of selective and sensitive platforms, able to detect phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids by means of their main metabolites in breath, saliva, and urine samples. One may estimate the time passed from drug exposure and the frequency of use by corroborating the detection results with pharmacokinetic data. Modified surfaces can also act as filters that allow only the target analyte to participate in the electrode reaction. In the case of cannabinoids, as in the case of other drugs, the investigation of the mechanism of action within the organism is the basis of biosensor development.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Red Mud Liquid Media Recycling
Bauxite residue, known as red mud, is a by-product of alumina production using the Bayer process. Currently, its total global storage amounts to over 4.6 billion tons, including about 600 million tons in Russia. The total global storage of red mud occupies large areas, leading to environmental damage and increasing environmental risks. Moreover, it contains a significant amount of sodium, which is easily soluble in subsoil water; therefore, a sustainable approach for comprehensive recycling of red mud is necessary. The bauxite residue contains valuable elements, such as aluminum, titanium, and scandium, which can be recovered using liquid media.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Jun 2021
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