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Topic Review
Entrepreneurship Education Programs
Entrepreneurship education (EE) is par excellence a field for advancing and developing societies, a trigger for economic growth, social cohesion, organizational success, and personal fulfillment.
  • 2.8K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Musical Stimulation on Placental Programming of Preterm Infants
The fetal environment is modulated by the placenta, which integrates and transduces information from the maternal environment to the fetal developmental program and adapts rapidly to changes through epigenetic mechanisms that respond to internal (hereditary) and external (environmental and social) signals. Consequently, the fetus corrects the trajectory of own development. During the last trimester of gestation, plasticity shapes the fetal brain, and prematurity can alter the typical developmental trajectories. Prenatal music stimulation had positive effects on fetus, newborn, and pregnant mother while post-natal exposure affected the neurodevelopment of the preterm infants and parental interaction.
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Conflicts between the Stakeholders of Tourist Destinations
Tourist cities, including cultural and historical heritage areas, are not devoid of threats and problems that other cities face. However, they have additional social and organizational conditions that may cause difficulties in mutual contact between stakeholders.
  • 2.8K
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Schisandra chinensis in Human Health and Nutrition
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SCE) is a plant with high potential for beneficial health effects, confirmed by molecular studies. Its constituents exert anti-cancer effects through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of invasion and metastasis in cancer cell lines and experimental animals. SCE displays antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains. It has anti-diabetic potential, supported by hypoglycemic activity. A diet rich in SCE improves pancreatic functions, stimulates insulin secretion, and reduces complications in diabetic animals. 
  • 2.8K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Windows 2.0
Windows 2.0 is an obsoleted 16-bit Microsoft Windows GUI-based operating environment that was released on December 9, 1987, and the successor to Windows 1.0. This product's family includes Windows 2.0, a base edition for 8086 real mode, and Windows/386 2.0, an enhanced edition for i386 protected mode.
  • 2.8K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chemically Modified Starches as Food Additives
Starch is a renewable and multifunctional polysaccharide biopolymer that is widely used both in the food industry and other areas of the economy. However, due to a number of undesirable properties in technological processes, it is subjected to various modifications. They improve its functional properties and enable the starch to be widely used in various industries. A modified starch is a natural starch that has been treated in a way that changes one or more of its initial physical and/or chemical properties. Chemical modification consists of the introduction of functional groups into starch molecules, which result in specific changes in the physicochemical and functional properties of starch preparations. The bases of chemical modifications of starch are oxidation, esterification or etherification reactions. In terms of functionality, modified preparations include cross-linked and stabilized starches. These starches have the status of allowed food additives, and their use is strictly regulated by relevant laws. Large-scale scientific research is aimed at developing new methods of starch modification, and the use of innovative technological solutions allows for an increasingly wider use of such preparations.
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Freezing Effect and Bystander Effect
As a passive and defensive response to a stressful event, freezing is characterized by a reduction in body movements, bradycardia (a decrease in heart rate), and an increase in muscle tone. The phenomenon of freezing is commonly linked with fear and is believed to enhance processes related to perception and attention, which help in identifying signals that dictate suitable actions. The phenomenon of bystander inaction, commonly referred to as the bystander effect or bystander apathy, is a psychological and social occurrence where an individual observing an emergency situation fails to assist the person in distress.
  • 2.8K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Induced Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with widespread barrier dysfunction and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. AD is an imbalance in the Th2 immune response where there is an increase in the gene expression levels of major Th2 cytokines during the acute phase.
  • 2.8K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ignition of Fires from Electrical Causes
In a number of countries, somewhere around 20% of reported building fires are due to electrical faults or failures. There can be a number of mechanisms responsible, but arcing in air and hot-surface ignitions of combustible materials are important causes. Details of these two mechanisms are reviewed. It is shown that even though arcing in air produces temperatures greatly higher than the ignition temperature of any ignitable solid, this does not always result in ignition. With regards to ignitions from hot surfaces or objects, it is shown that the area of the hot object presented to the ignitable material is a crucial variable.
  • 2.8K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea L. is an important vegetable, fodder, and ornamental diploid (2n = 18) species which belongs to the genus Brassica and mustard family Brassicaceae Burnett. B. oleracea probably originates from the Western Mediterranean region, Great Britain and Northern-Central China.
  • 2.8K
  • 06 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Long-Term Care Facilities in Brazil
This scoping review aimed to explore the characteristics, strengths, and gaps in research conducted in Brazilian long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older adults. Electronic searches investigating the residents (≥60 years old), their families, and the LTCF workforce in Brazil were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, and Google Scholar, within the timescale of 1999 to 2018, limited to English, Portuguese, or Spanish. The reference lists were hand searched for additional papers. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for critical appraisal of evidence. Data were reported descriptively considering the study design, using content analysis: 327 studies were included (n = 159 quantitative non-randomized, n = 82 quantitative descriptive, n = 67 qualitative, n = 11 mixed methods, n = 6 randomized controlled trials, and n = 2 translation of assessment tools). Regardless of the study design, most were conducted in a single LTCF (45.8%), in urban locations (84.3%), and in non-profit settings (38.7%). The randomized trials and descriptive studies presented the lowest methodological quality based on the MMAT. This is the first review to provide an overview of research on LTCFs for older people in Brazil. It illustrates an excess of small-scale, predominantly qualitative papers, many of which are reported in ways that do not allow the quality of the work to be assured.
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Chrysler Pacifica (RU)
The Chrysler Pacifica is a minivan being produced by the Chrysler division of FCA US LLC. Despite sharing its name with a discontinued crossover, it is an all-new design replacing the Chrysler Town & Country. The minivan is produced with two powertrains, a 3.6-liter gasoline powered engine and a plug-in hybrid, marketed as Pacifica Hybrid. The plug-in hybrid version has a 16-kWh lithium-ion battery that can propel the car up to 33 mi (53 km) on electric power alone. The gasoline-only version of the Pacifica minivan went on sale in mid-2016, while the plug-in hybrid version became available in early 2017.
  • 2.8K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ethyl Acetate Hydrogenation
Ethyl acetate hydrogenation is the reverse reaction of ethanol dehydrogenation. Tuthenium complexes acting in homogeneous phase, at very low temperatures, promote both ethanol dehydrogenation and ethylacetate hydrogenation.
  • 2.8K
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Pseudohyponatremia
Pseudohyponatremia remains a problem for clinical laboratories. The two methods involved assess the serum sodium concentration ([Na]S) using sodium ion-specific electrodes: (a) a direct ion-specific electrode (ISE), and (b) an indirect ISE. A direct ISE does not require dilution of a sample prior to its measurement, whereas an indirect ISE needs pre-measurement sample dilution. [Na]S measurements using an indirect ISE are influenced by abnormal concentrations of serum proteins or lipids.
  • 2.8K
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sustaining Cyber Security Protection through SETA Implementation
It is undeniable that most business organizations rely on the Internet to conduct their highly competitive businesses nowadays. Cyber security is one of the important elements for companies to guarantee the normal operation of their business activities. Security education, training, and awareness (SETA) training cover many aspects, which can comprehensively improve staff’s ability of cyber security.
  • 2.8K
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Concept of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the key challenges of environmental, economic and social importance. It is a global problem regardless of economic development level and political orientation, and also applies to a country such as Belarus. 
  • 2.8K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Thaumarchaeota
The Thaumarchaeota or Thaumarchaea (from the Ancient Greek:) are a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum was sequenced and found to differ significantly from other members of the hyperthermophilic phylum Crenarchaeota. Three described species in addition to C. symbiosum are Nitrosopumilus maritimus, Nitrososphaera viennensis, and Nitrososphaera gargensis. The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on phylogenetic data, such as the sequences of these organisms' ribosomal RNA genes, and the presence of a form of type I topoisomerase that was previously thought to be unique to the eukaryotes. This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrososphaera gargensis, concluding that these species form a distinct lineage that includes Cenarchaeum symbiosum. The lipid crenarchaeol has been found only in Thaumarchaea, making it a potential biomarker for the phylum. Most organisms of this lineage thus far identified are chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizers and may play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, such as the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. Metagenomic sequencing indicates that they constitute ~1% of the sea surface metagenome across many sites. Thaumarchaeota-derived GDGT lipids from marine sediments can be used to reconstruct past temperatures via the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy, as these lipids vary in structure according to temperature. Because most Thaumarchaea seem to be autotrophs that fix CO2, their GDGTs can act as a record for past Carbon-13 ratios in the dissolved inorganic carbon pool, and thus have the potential to be used for reconstructions of the carbon cycle in the past.
  • 2.8K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Femicides in Honduras
The femicides in Honduras is a concept which designates the murders committed against women within the Central American country of Honduras since 1990. According to the Penal Code in force until 2018, the crime of feminicide is incurred, when a man or men kill a woman for reasons of gender, with hatred and contempt for her condition as a woman. Between 2002 and 2013 3,923 women were murdered in Honduras. The number of femicides makes up 9.6% of the total number of homicides in the country. In 2013, 53 women were killed every month and, as it occurs in the rest of murders, more than 90% of the cases have gone unpunished by the law. In many of these femicides, the women are also burned, raped, and tortured beforehand. Between 2010 and 2013 the number of femicides in Honduras increased by 65%. The local national authorities have been accused of inaction by the population, given that in many cases it has not been cleared the responsibility of said felonies. There are a few government and non-government organizations that provide support to the mothers and relatives of victims of femicide. In 2015, the Honduran government allocated 30 million Honduran lempiras to the creation of a special unit in the 2016 budget for femicide investigation.
  • 2.8K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Scientific Opinion on Climate Change
Scientific opinion on climate change is a judgment of scientists regarding the degree to which global warming is occurring, its likely causes, and its probable consequences. A related—but not identical—term, "scientific consensus on climate change," is the prevailing view on climate change within the scientific community. The consensus is that:
  • 2.8K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Negative Capability
Negative capability was a phrase first used by Romantic poet John Keats in 1817 to characterise the capacity of the greatest writers (particularly Shakespeare) to pursue a vision of artistic beauty even when it leads them into intellectual confusion and uncertainty, as opposed to a preference for philosophical certainty over artistic beauty. The term has been used by poets and philosophers to describe the ability of the individual to perceive, think, and operate beyond any presupposition of a predetermined capacity of the human being.
  • 2.8K
  • 30 Nov 2022
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