Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Photoplethysmography for the Assessment of Arterial Stiffness
There is growth in assessing arterial stiffness using photoplethysmography (PPG) and propose PPG as a potential tool for assessing vascular ageing in the future. Blood vessels deteriorate with age, losing elasticity and forming deposits. This raises the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), widely reported as the global leading cause of death. The ageing process induces structural modifications in the vascular system, such as increased arterial stiffness, which can cause various volumetric, mechanical, and haemodynamic alterations. Numerous techniques have been investigated to assess arterial stiffness, some of which are currently used in commercial medical devices and some, such as PPG, of which still remain in the research space.
  • 381
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Personalized Wearable Biomedical Devices
Wearable devices have emerged as promising tools for personalized health monitoring, utilizing machine learning to distill meaningful insights from the expansive datasets they capture. Within the bio-electrical category, these devices employ biosignal data, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), electromyograms (EMGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), etc., to monitor and assess health. 
  • 381
  • 16 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth. The roles of cellulose nanocrystals’ (CNC) nonlinear geometry in improved performance coatings are appealing for mini structures or device production; yet, CNC is an insulating material. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a part of the organic crystallization macromolecular compound found in plant fibers and bacteria’s capsular polysaccharides. It has several properties, which include high strength, high crystallization, large physical properties, minimum density, and good biocompatibility. CNCs, with their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, have emerged as a versatile and sustainable nanomaterial with the potential to revolutionize various industries.
  • 380
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Minimally Invasive Surgery Procedures
Augmented reality (AR) technology is gaining increasing interest in the development of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures. The main application areas can be divided into three main groups: Navigation, education and training, and user-environment interfaces. Although AR-guided navigation systems do not yet offer a precision advantage, benefits include improved ergonomics and visualization, as well as reduced surgical time and blood loss. Benefits are also seen in improved education and training conditions and improved user environment interfaces, which may indirectly influence MIS procedures. Controlled studies with large case numbers and standardized outcome parameters and reporting are lacking to confirm the added value for clinical use.
  • 379
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Characteristics of Contemporary Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses
The goals of hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) are restoring joint anatomy, biomechanics, and function while prolonging the life of a patient with endoprosthesis by preserving bone stock for easy further possible revision arthroplasty in the form of traditional total hip arthroplasty. Over decades of its history, the designs of HRA endoprostheses have undergone a variety of technological innovations in terms of evolution in materials and fixation techniques, which often resulted in promising outcomes and the extension of implant survival. 
  • 375
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Algorithms for Liver Segmentation in Computed Tomography Scans
Oncology has emerged as a crucial field of study in the domain of medicine. Computed tomography has gained widespread adoption as a radiological modality for the identification and characterisation of pathologies, particularly in oncology, enabling precise identification of affected organs and tissues. However, achieving accurate liver segmentation in computed tomography scans remains a challenge due to the presence of artefacts and the varying densities of soft tissues and adjacent organs.
  • 375
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biomaterials Adapted to Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing
Along with the rapid and extensive advancements in the 3D printing field, a diverse range of uses for 3D printing have appeared in the spectrum of medical applications. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) stands out as one of the most extensively researched methods of 3D printing, with its main advantages being a high printing speed and the ability to produce high-resolution structures. A major challenge in using VPP 3D-printed materials in medicine is the general incompatibility of standard VPP resin mixtures with the requirements of biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Instead of developing completely new materials, an alternate approach to solving this problem involves adapting existing biomaterials. Biomaterials may be of organic or inorganic nature, and when considering the process, there are no significant differences reported in the 3D printing between these categories, as each material shows limitations and specific methods for adaptation to VPP. However, a relevant difference lies in the temporal and procedural requisites for reaching their final (synthetic) form. Organic biomaterials, in particular, require additional chemical steps, the most relevant involving the need for the polymerization of an organic compound (to be distinguished from the polymerization occurring during the 3D printing process) under specific reaction conditions.
  • 374
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Ankle and Foot Arthroplasty and Prosthesis
The foot and ankle serve vital roles in weight bearing, balance, and flexibility but are susceptible to many diverse ailments, making treatment difficult. More commonly, Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) and Total Talus Replacement (TTR) are used for patients with ankle degeneration and avascular necrosis of the talus, respectively. Ankle prosthesis and orthosis are also indicated for use with lower limb extremity amputations or locomotor disability, leading to the development of powered exoskeletons. However, patient outcomes remain suboptimal, commonly due to the misfitting of implants to the patient-specific anatomy. Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used to create customized, patient-specific implants and porous implant cages that provide structural support while allowing for increased bony ingrowth and to develop customized, lightweight exoskeletons with multifunctional actuators. AM implants and devices have shown success in preserving stability and mobility of the joint and achieving fast recovery, as well as significant improvements in gait rehabilitation, gait assistance, and strength for patients. 
  • 374
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Electroencephalography for Neurological Disorders Rehabilitation
In clinical scenarios, the use of biomedical sensors, devices and multi-parameter assessments is fundamental to provide a comprehensive portrait of patients’ state, in order to adapt and personalize rehabilitation interventions and support clinical decision-making. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the brain and can monitor the complex neuronal activity and its changes.
  • 373
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Ailments
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders comprise a diverse range of conditions that can significantly reduce the quality of life and can even be life-threatening in serious cases. The development of accurate and rapid detection approaches is of essential importance for early diagnosis and timely management of GI diseases. 
  • 372
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Orthopedic Biomaterials Related-Infections
One of the most serious complications following the implantation of orthopedic biomaterials is the development of infection. Orthopedic implant-related infections do not only entail clinical problems and patient suffering, but also cause a burden on healthcare care systems.
  • 366
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Focused Ultrasound for Atherosclerosis Treatment
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for treating atherosclerotic arterial disease. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a noninvasive and precise modality that generates high temperatures at specific target sites within tissues, has shown promising results in reducing plaque burden and improving vascular function. While low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) operates at lower energy levels, promoting mild hyperthermia and stimulating tissue repair processes. 
  • 365
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Thermomagnetic-Responsive Self-Folding Microgrippers for Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Minimally invasive surgery allows for fewer complications as microdevices operate through small incisions or natural orifices. Thermomagnetic-responsive microgrippers are microscopic multi-fingered devices that respond to temperature changes due to the presence of thermal-responsive polymers. Polymeric devices, made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAM-AAc) and polypropylene fumarate (PPF), self-fold due to swelling and contracting of the hydrogel layer. In comparison, soft metallic devices feature a pre-stressed metal bilayer and polymer hinges that soften with increased temperature. Both types of microdevices can self-actuate when exposed to the elevated temperature of a tumor microenvironment, allowing for direct targeting for biopsies. Microgrippers can also be doped to become magnetically responsive, allowing for direction without tethers and the retrieval of microdevices containing excised tissue. The smaller size of stimuli-responsive microgrippers allows for their movement through hard-to-reach areas within the body and the successful extraction of intact cells, RNA and DNA. 
  • 364
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Infusion-Based Targeted Drug Delivery in the Brain
Infusion-based drug delivery, which directly administer to local tissue under a positive pressure gradient, as in convection-enhanced delivery (CED), provides an important opportunity to overcome the blood-brain barrier and dependency on type of drug. However, poor understanding of the pressure-driven drug transport mechanisms in the brain has hindered ultimate success of CED-like technologies in clinical applications.
  • 360
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning Methods in a Moroccan Ophthalmic Center
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the world’s frequent eye illnesses, leading to vision loss among working-aged individuals. Hemorrhages and exudates are examples of signs of DR. However, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), is poised to impact nearly every aspect of human life and gradually transform medical practice. Insight into the condition of the retina is becoming more accessible thanks to major advancements in diagnostic technology. AI approaches can be used to assess lots of morphological datasets derived from digital images in a rapid and noninvasive manner. Computer-aided diagnosis tools for automatic detection of DR early-stage signs will ease the pressure on clinicians.
  • 358
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Plasmonic Biosensors for Point-of-Care Devicesf Engineering
The progresses in the research of plasmonic phenomena and materials paved the route toward the development of optical sensing platforms based on metal nanostructures with a great potential to be integrated into point-of-care (POC) devices for the next generation of sensing platforms, thus enabling real-time, highly sensitive and accurate diagnostics.
  • 358
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Characterization Technique for Exosomes
Exosomes distributed by extracellular vesicles carry various information highly consistent with cells, becoming a new type of biomarker for tumor screening. However, although conventional characterization technologies can quantify size and morphology for exosomes, they are limited in related fields such as function tracing, protein quantification at unit point, and microstructural information.
  • 358
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ultrasound Image Analysis with Vision Transformers
Ultrasound (US) has become a widely used imaging modality in clinical practice, characterized by its rapidly evolving technology, advantages, and unique challenges, such as a low imaging quality and high variability. There is a need to develop advanced automatic US image analysis methods to enhance its diagnostic accuracy and objectivity. Vision transformers, a recent innovation in machine learning, have demonstrated significant potential in various research fields, including general image analysis and computer vision, due to their capacity to process large datasets and learn complex patterns. Their suitability for automatic US image analysis tasks, such as classification, detection, and segmentation, has been recognized. 
  • 358
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Multispectral Photoacoustic Analysis of Thyroid Gland
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), one of the branches of optical imaging, provides the added advantage of increased imaging depth. Compared to other optical imaging techniques, PAI inherits ultrasound imaging characteristics (USI), which increases its ability to visualize structural information in deep tissue. The signal generation in PAI is based on the photoacoustic (PA) effect, which is energy transduction from light to ultrasound (US).
  • 355
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Implanted Antennas for Wireless Biomedical Devices
Wireless implantable biomedical devices (IBDs) are emerging technologies used to enhance patient treatment and monitoring. The performance of wireless IBDs mainly relies on their antennas. Concerns have emerged regarding the potential of wireless IBDs to unintentionally cause tissue heating, leading to potential harm to surrounding tissue. The previous literature examined temperature estimations and specific absorption rates (SAR) related to IBDs, mainly within the context of thermal therapy applications. Often, these studies consider system parameters such as frequency, input power, and treatment duration without isolating their individual impacts.
  • 347
  • 15 Oct 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 27
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback