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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Frederick III of Aragon (1296–1337)
Frederick III of Aragon, King of Sicily (1296–1337). Frederick III of Aragon was the third king of the Aragonese dynasty on the throne of Sicily. He ruled from 1296 to 1337 and he was the only Aragonese king of Sicily who made a significant use of his image. In particular, we have four official (namely, commissioned directly by him or his entourage) representations of him: the royal seal, the billon silver denaro coin, the lost mosaic from the Church of Santa Maria della Valle (known as Badiazza) near Messina, and the mosaic in the Cathedral of Messina.
  • 4.6K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Cessna 210
The Cessna 210 Centurion is a six-seat, high-performance, retractable-gear, single-engine, high-wing general aviation aircraft which was first flown in January 1957 and produced by Cessna until 1986.
  • 4.6K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Corneal Regenerative Approach
A transparent cornea is paramount for vision. Corneal opacity is one of the leading causes of blindness. Although conventional corneal transplantation has been successful in recovering patients’ vision, the outcomes are challenged by a global lack of donor tissue availability. Bioengineered corneal tissues are gaining momentum as a new source for corneal wound healing and scar management. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-scaffold-based engineering offers a new perspective on corneal regenerative medicine.
  • 4.6K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Catalysts for Synthesis of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubbers
Ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers (EPDM) are one of the most important polyolefin materials widely commercialized and used in various industries in recent years. The production of EPDM is based solely on catalytic coordination polymerization processes. The development of new catalysts and processes for the synthesis of EPDM has expanded the range of products and their manufacturing in terms of energy efficiency, processability, and environmental safety.
  • 4.6K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Snow Line
The climatic snow line is the boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface. The actual snow line may adjust seasonally, and be either significantly higher in elevation, or lower. The permanent snow line is the level above which snow will lie all year.
  • 4.6K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Modern Power Systems
Modern power systems include various technological innovations such as distributed renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, electric vehicle charging stations and advanced communication systems. Since many of these components are owned and managed by private entities, the planning and management of modern power systems is gradually changing, and is becoming a great challenge for utility companies and regulators. 
  • 4.5K
  • 16 Jun 2021
Topic Review
GTK+
GTK+ (formerly GIMP Toolkit) is a cross-platform widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, allowing both free and proprietary software to use it. It is, along with Qt, one of the most popular tool-kits for the Wayland and X11 windowing systems.
  • 4.5K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Dyes from Microorganisms
"Dyes from Microorganisms" means production of pigments using single cell microorganisms. It is gaining traction as a sustainable alternative to conventional synthesis.
  • 4.5K
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Textile Recycling
Textile reuse consists of the various methods of prolonging the useful service life of textile products from one owner to another. Renting, trading, swapping, borrowing, and inheriting are commonly practiced, which are facilitated by second-hand stores, garage sales, online stores and flea markets, and charities. On the other hand, textile recycling refers to reprocessing pre-consumer and post-consumer textile waste for use in new textile or non-textile products. Various textile recycling technologies such as fiber regeneration, conversion of textile waste into insulation/building materials, fermentation, anaerobic digestion, composting, and thermal recovery are available and progressively improved. Textile reuse and recycling offer environmental sustainability and can reduce environmental impact by reducing the use of virgin textile fiber and avoiding processes further downstream in the textile product life cycle. 
  • 4.5K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
High-Speed Motorized Spindles of CNC Machine Tools
High-speed motorized spindles tend to develop in the direction of high precision, high speed, low energy consumption, high efficiency, and high reliability. 
  • 4.5K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Implementation of Food Safety Management
The food industry’s failure in planning and designing of and in implementing a Food Safety Management System and its foundation elements leads, in most instances, to compromised food safety and subsequent foodborne illness outbreaks. This phenomenon was noticed, worldwide, for all food processors, but with a much higher incidence in the medium- and small-sized food processing plants. Our study focuses on the importance of Food Safety Management System (FSMS), Critical Control Points Hazard Analysis (HACCP) and the Prerequisite Programs (PRPs) as the foundation of HACCP, in preventing foodborne outbreaks.
  • 4.5K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Social Class
Social class refers to a hierarchical arrangement of individuals in a society based on factors such as economic status, occupation, education, and cultural capital. It delineates distinct social groups with varying levels of privilege, influencing access to resources, opportunities, and societal advantages.
  • 4.5K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Epithelioid Cell
According to a common point of view Epithelioid cells (also called Epithelioid histiocytes) are derivatives of activated macrophages resembling epithelial cells.
  • 4.5K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Methods for Electric Energy Accumulation
The daily non-uniform power demand is a serious problem in power industry. In addition, recent decades show a trend for the transition to renewable power sources, but their power output depends upon weather and daily conditions. These factors determine the urgency of energy accumulation technology research and development. The presence of a wide variety of energy storage mechanisms leads to the need for their classification and comparison as well as a consideration of possible options for their application in modern power units.
  • 4.5K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipid peroxidation refers to the process in which lipids are oxidized to generate lipid peroxides as a primary product. Cellular lipid peroxidation can occur through different reactions, but they can be categorized into enzyme and non-enzyme dependent reactions. The primary substrates in lipid peroxidation reactions are polyunsaturated lipids since carbon-carbon double bonds are susceptible to reactive oxygen species, such as the hydroxyl radical (HO•), which is a key radical that participates in peroxidation reactions.
  • 4.5K
  • 14 Dec 2020
Biography
Robert Kearns
Robert William Kearns PhD (March 10, 1927 – February 9, 2005) was an American engineer, educator and inventor who invented the intermittent windshield wiper systems used on most automobiles from 1969 to the present. His first patent for the invention was filed on December 1, 1964. Kearns won one of the best known patent infringement cases against Ford Motor Company (1978–1990) and a case a
  • 4.5K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Collagen Injectables for Aesthetic and Regenerative Medicine Applications
Soft tissues diseases significantly affect patients quality of life and usually require targeted, costly and sometimes constant interventions. With the average lifetime increase, a proportional increase of age-related soft tissues diseases has been witnessed. Due to this, the last two decades have seen a tremendous demand for minimally invasive one-step resolutive procedures. Intensive scientific and industrial research has led to the recognition of injectable formulations as a new advantageous approach in the management of complex diseases that are challenging to treat with conventional strategies. Among them, collagen-based products are revealed to be one of the most promising among bioactive biomaterials-based formulations. Collagen is the most abundant structural protein of vertebrate connective tissues and, because of its structural and non-structural role, is one of the most widely used multifunctional biomaterials in the health-related sectors, including medical care and cosmetics. Indeed, collagen-based formulations are historically considered as the “gold standard” and from 1981 have been paving the way for the development of a new generation of fillers. A huge number of collagen-based injectable products have been approved worldwide for clinical use and have routinely been introduced in many clinical settings for both aesthetic and regenerative surgery. 
  • 4.5K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Microemulsion Design for Acne Therapy
Acne represents a dermatologic condition with a high prevalence, being characterized by a complex pathogenesis. Its high recurrence frequently encountered in clinical practice will affect the patient’s quality of life. Most of the treatment algorithms require at least one topical formulation, being recommended to be applied on affected areas for a long period. To treat such a versatile skin condition, smart topical vehicles capable of entrap anti-acne compounds can be considered a good option, compared with conventional systems generally used at the moment. In this direction, microemulsions are appreciated for their superior profile in matters of drug delivery, especially for challenging substances with hydrophilic or lipophilic patterns. Designed as transparent and thermodynamically stable systems, with a small number of key ingredients, microemulsion-based formulations were characterized in the present review as unique structures able to pass the skin barrier and sustain a targeted therapy in acne pathology.
  • 4.5K
  • 30 Nov 2020
Topic Review
N-Acetylcysteine in Trichotillomania
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (C5H9NO3S) is the acetylated precursor of the amino acid L-cysteine and functions as a glutamate modulator and antioxidant. It is widely known as a mucolytic, an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, and a nephroprotective agent for contrast administration. Trichotillomania (TTM), excoriation disorder, onychophagia, and onychotillomania are categorized as body focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) disorders, causing damage to the skin, hair, and/or nails with clinically significant psychosocial consequences.
  • 4.5K
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Potent Phytoestrogen 8-Prenylnaringenin
8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylated flavonoid, occurring, in particular, in hop, but also in other plants. It has proven to be one of the most potent phytoestrogens in vitro known to date, and in the past 20 years, research has unveiled new effects triggered by it in biological systems. These findings have aroused the hopes, expectations, and enthusiasm of a “wonder-drug” for a host of human diseases. However, the majority of 8-PN effects require such high concentrations that they cannot be reached by normal dietary exposure, only pharmacologically; thus, adverse impacts may also emerge.
  • 4.5K
  • 01 Apr 2022
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