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Topic Review
Identification of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Orchids
The secondary metabolites present in medicinal orchids are diverse and possess a vast array of biological activities. They represent valuable raw materials for modern pharmaceuticals and clinical medicine and have tremendous potential for future development. A systematic collation of secondary metabolites’ composition and a summary of the biological activities of medicinal orchids represent a crucial step in unlocking the potential of these valuable resources in drug development.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Clinical and Dermoscopic Characteristics of Cutaneous Sarcomas
Under the umbrella of cutaneous sarcomas (CS),  a heterogeneous group of rare, malignant, mesenchymal neoplasia, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, atypical fibroxanthoma, cutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, cutaneous angiosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma is included. Clinical presentation and histopathological examination are the cornerstone of CS diagnosis and classification. CS are characterized by mostly unspecific dermatoscopic patterns. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and in a lesser degree, cutaneous angiosarcoma, may display distinct dermatoscopic features, facilitating their early clinical recognition. In conclusion, dermatoscopy, in conjunction with the overall clinical context, may aid towards suspicion of CS.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Application of Boron Carbon Nitride in Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors are regarded as reliable energy storage devices to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, the relatively low capacitance and low energy density limit the practical application of supercapacitors. In this context, boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanomaterials have been extensively studied due to their chemical and thermal stability, high mechanical strength, as well as tunable bandgap. The specific capacitance and energy density of supercapacitors can be significantly improved by fabricating nanostructured BCN-based electrode materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where it contributes to motor neuron (MN) death. Of all the factors involved in ALS, mitochondria have been considered as a major player, as secondary mitochondrial dysfunction has been found in various models and patients. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Door-Opening Drones
Doorknob accessories, wheelchair-mounted door-opening accessories, door-opening robots, and door-opening drones—were used to group the various technologies for manually opening doors. Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a wide range of applications, including product delivery, asset inspection, search and rescue, law enforcement and military services, disaster management, and emergency medical services. Drones are emerging as safe alternatives to humans in applications involving inaccessible environments or dangerous scenarios. In cases of medical emergencies, when a person is stuck in remote locations and an ambulance is unable to reach a patient in time, medical drones are being used for emergency medical services. Door-opening drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with the capability to open doors.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Remote Sensing Applications in Almond Orchards
Almond cultivation is of great socio-economic importance worldwide. With the demand for almonds steadily increasing due to their nutritional value and versatility, optimizing the management of almond orchards becomes crucial to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure food security.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Residual Stress Impingement Methods and Environmental Fracture Susceptibility
Metallic components undergo stress due to externally applied forces and/or internal residual forces, with the latter often originating from thermally induced deformation during production or from the forming and machining processes. Over time in service, these stresses may act in concert with the surrounding environment, component geometry, surface defects, corrosion, and more to induce subcritical damage in the form of fatigue, corrosion fatigue, or environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). To combat such degradation, numerous residual stress impingement (RSI) methods have been developed with varying levels of efficacy and ease of use. This entry summarizes the benefits and detriments of leading RSI treatments towards corrosion, corrosion fatigue, and EAC in a range of engineering alloys as a function of material hardness. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
International Society of Genetic Genealogy
The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) is an independent non-commercial nonprofit organization of genetic genealogists run by volunteers. It was founded by a group of surname DNA project administrators in 2005 to promote DNA testing for genealogy. It advocates the use of genetics in genealogical research, provides educational resources for genealogists interested in DNA testing, and facilitates networking among genetic genealogists. (As of June 2013), it comprises over 8,000 members in 70 countries. (As of July 2013), regional meetings are coordinated by 20 volunteer regional coordinators located in the United States , Australia , Brazil , Canada , England , Egypt, Ireland and Russia . ISOGG hosts the ISOGG Wiki, a free online encyclopedia maintained by ISOGG members which contains a wide variety of educational resources and guidance for genetic genealogy consumers and DNA project administrators. The ISOGG Wiki contains ethical guidelines for DNA project administrators and ISOGG members perform peer reviews of DNA project websites of other members on request, following which the websites may display the ISOGG Peer Reviewed graphic.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Genetically Modified Plants and Products
Genetic transformation has emerged as an important tool for the genetic improvement of valuable plants by incorporating new genes with desirable traits. These strategies are useful especially in crops to increase yields, disease resistance, tolerance to environmental stress (cold, heat, drought, salinity, herbicides, and insects) and increase biomass and medicinal values of plants. The production of healthy plants with more desirable products and yields can contribute to sustainable development goals. The introduction of genetically modified food into the market has raised potential risks. A proper assessment of their impact on the environment and biosafety is an important step before their commercialization.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Metabolomics in Retinal Diseases
The retina is abundant with highly specialized neurons that receive, process, and transduce light signals. It is composed of the monolayered retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the multi-layered neural retina, which contains five major types of neurons and is regarded as part of the central nervous system.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
PET-Based Imaging in Atherosclerosis
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) represents a method of detecting and characterizing arterial wall inflammation, with potential applications in the early assessment of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. By portraying early-stage molecular changes, FDG-PET findings have previously been shown to correlate with atherosclerosis progression. In addition, recent studies have suggested that microcalcification revealed by 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) may be more sensitive at detecting atherogenic changes compared to FDG-PET.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Simulation of Light Scattering in Automotive Paints
Modern automotive paints are of great interest in research works. They contain colorant particles and thin flat metallic or pearlescent flakes distributed in a clear varnish. There are two main approaches to simulation of light scattering in a dispersed media. The first one is based on the continuous medium model. This model is faster but less accurate. The second approach is the simulation of light propagation through an ensemble of paint flakes and particles represented as an explicit geometry. This model correctly calculates light scattering but is rather time-consuming.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Advanced Photocatalytic Uranium Extraction Strategies
The development of simple, efficient, and economical uranium extraction methods is of great significance for the sustainable development of nuclear energy and the restoration of the ecological environment. Photocatalytic U(VI) extraction technology as a simple, highly efficient, and low-cost strategy, received increasing attention from researchers.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Based Sensor
The development of a sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the detection of trace levels of cocaine is described in this paper. NanoMIPs for cocaine detection, synthesized using a solid phase, were applied as the sensing element. The nanoMIPs were first characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering and found to be ~148.35 ± 24.69 nm in size, using TEM. The nanoMIPs were then covalently attached to gold screen-printed electrodes and a cocaine direct binding assay was developed and optimized, using EIS as the sensing principle. EIS was recorded at a potential of 0.12 V over the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 50 kHz, with a modulation voltage of 10 mV. The nanoMIPs sensor was able to detect cocaine in a linear range between 100 pg mL-1 and 50 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.984; p-value = 0.00001) and with a limit of detection of 0.24 ng mL-1 (0.70 nM). The sensor showed no cross-reactivity toward morphine and a negligible response toward levamisole after optimizing the sensor surface blocking and assay conditions. The developed sensor has the potential to offer a highly sensitive, portable and cost-effective method forcocaine detection.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Metarhizium brunneum-7 with Phytophagous Mites
We investigated Metarhizium brunneum-7 interactions in three systems of phytophagous mites and their respective plant hosts: Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana) and the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, and spring onion (Allium cepa) and the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini. All three mite species were susceptible to directly applied M. brunneum-7 conidia. Results obtained using the standard method for studying endophytic colonization vs. live confocal imaging of plant tissues using the GFP-transformed fungus differed markedly, demonstrating that microscopy validation was more definite than the standard process of recovery from plant tissue. Endophytic colonization was observed in conidium-infiltrated citrus leaves and in roots of onion plants treated with soil-drenched conidia, but not in common bean treated by either spray or drench of conidia. Endophytic colonization of citrus leaves did not affect the citrus mite population. Drench application in common bean reduced two-spotted mite population. Similarly, drench application in onion reduced bulb mite population. This study demonstrates M. brunneum-7 interactions with citrus, onion and their mite pests, and the importance of live-imaging techniques in studying endophytic interaction.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cardiovascular risk onset in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising among children and adolescents worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. We review the impact of diabetes on establishing, during childhood and adolescence, the premises for cardiovascular diseases later in life. Interestingly, it seems that hyperglycemia is not the only factor that establishes an increased cardiovascular risk in adolescence. Other factors have been recognized to play a role in triggering the onset of latent cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric population. Among these cardiovascular risk factors, some are modifiable: glucose variability, hypoglycemia, obesity, insulin resistance, waist circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking alcohol, microalbuminuria and smoking. Others are unmodifiable, such as diabetes duration and family history. Among the etiological factors, subclinical endothelial dysfunction represents one of the earliest key players of atherosclerosis and it can be detected during early ages in patients with diabetes. A better assessment of cardiovascular risk in pediatric population still represents a challenge for clinicians, and thus further efforts are required to properly identify and treat pediatric patients who may suffer from cardiovascular disease later in early adulthood.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jul 2020
Topic Review
LncRNA in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and one of the current hot topics in this field is the identification of markers for identifying patients with high probability of relapse, which may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II. In this sense long noncoding RNAs are a promising source of novel cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, although to robustly assess their gene expression levels is challenging due to their low expression. We present a protocol (hereafter referred as CoLong design) which couples target enrichment and RNA-seq that allows transcriptomics studies of lncRNAs in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. We show that our new approach alllows to efficiently detect differences in gene expression and somatic mutations in lncRNAs, and we propose several lncRNAs as potential candidates for colorectal cancer. This new approach could represent a promising avenue that would reduce costs and enable more efficient translational research.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Cancer Biology and Endocannabinoid System
The various components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), such as the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), cannabinoid ligands, and the signalling network behind it, are implicated in several tumour-related states, both as favourable and unfavourable factors.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Mucoadhesive Chitosan Nanoparticles
Chitosan is a polysaccharide polymer produced by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. It has a positive charge that may interact with negatively charged mucosal surfaces.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Seed Dormancy and Germination
Seed dormancy, defined as the inability of seeds to undergo germination under optimal conditions, played a crucial role in the evolution of flowering plants.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2021
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