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References

1. Harmon, Amy (June 11, 2006). "Who's Your Great-Great-Great-Great-Granddaddy?". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/weekinreview/11harmon.html?_r=0. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
2. Smolenyak, Megan (July 20, 2010). "Don't 'Protect' Us From Our Own Genetic Information". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/dont-protect-us-from-our_b_653474.html. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
3. Borges, Katherine (March 1, 2008). "From the Director". ISOGG Newsletter 1 (1). http://www.isogg.org/newsletter/mar2008.htm. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
4. "FDA/CDRH Public Meeting: Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs), Date July 19–20, 2010". FDA. http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/NewsEvents/WorkshopsConferences/ucm212830.htm. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
5. Vorhaus, Dan. "The Conversation Continues: Recap from Day Two of FDA’s Regulatory Meeting". Genomics Law Report. http://www.genomicslawreport.com/index.php/2010/07/21/fda-ldt-day-2-recap/. Retrieved July 8, 2013. "DTC genetic testing also had its advocates, including 23andMe co-founder Anne Wojcicki and Katherine Borges, Director of the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG), who delivered one of the most impassioned arguments for prioritizing individual access over FDA regulation. Borges sounded a familiar refrain in arguing that the FDA should not restrict consumer access to genetic information 'without credible, compelling scientific data to support' such regulation." 
6. "Public Meeting on Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests, Tuesday, July 20, 2010". FDA. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/NewsEvents/WorkshopsConferences/UCM226204.pdf. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
7. Wagner, Jennifer K.; Cooper, Jill D.; Sterling, Rene; Royal, Charmaine D. (2012). "Tilting at windmills no longer: A data-driven discussion of DTC DNA ancestry tests". Genetics in Medicine 14 (6): 586–93. doi:10.1038/gim.2011.77. PMID 22382803.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fgim.2011.77
8. Harmon, Amy (April 2, 2007). "Stalking Strangers’ DNA to Fill in the Family Tree". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/02/us/02dna.html. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
9. "The International Society of Genetic Genealogy Wiki (Ethics)". ISOGG. http://isogg.org/wiki/Ethics. Retrieved July 8, 2013. 
10. John M. Butler; Margaret C. Kline; Amy E. Decker (2008). "Addressing Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeat Allele Nomenclature". Journal of Genetic Genealogy 4 (2): 125–148. http://www.jogg.info/42/files/butler.pdf. Retrieved July 8, 2013. 
11. "Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation is First to Adopt Genetic Genealogy's New Industry Standard for Reporting Y-DNA Profiles" (Press release). Business Wire. August 17, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2013. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090817005034/en/Sorenson-Molecular-Genealogy-Foundation-Adopt-Genetic-Genealogy%E2%80%99s
12. Bettinger, Blaine (May 27, 2008). "In Memoriam – Leo William Little". The Genetic Genealogist. http://www.thegeneticgenealogist.com/2008/05/27/in-memoriam-leo-william-little/. Retrieved July 16, 2013. 
13. "Obituary for Leo W. Little Jr.". Orlando Sentinel. June 23, 2008. http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/orlandosentinel/obituary-print.aspx?page=lifestoryprint&pid=112123899. Retrieved July 16, 2013. 
14. Estes, Roberta (April 10, 2013). "DIY DNA Analysis, GenomeWeb and Citizen Scientist 2.0". DNAeXplained. http://dna-explained.com/2013/04/10/diy-dna-analysis-genomeweb-and-citizen-scientist-2-0/. Retrieved July 16, 2013. 
15. Estes, Roberta J.; Jack H. Goins; Penny Ferguson; Janet Lewis Crain (2011). "Melungeons, A Multi-Ethnic Population". Journal of Genetic Genealogy 7 (2). http://www.jogg.info/72/files/Estes.pdf. Retrieved July 17, 2013. 
16. Loller, Travis (May 24, 2012). "Melungeon DNA Study Reveals Ancestry, Upsets 'A Whole Lot Of People'". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/24/melungeon-dna-study-origin_n_1544489.html. Retrieved July 17, 2013. "'There were a whole lot of people upset by this study,' lead researcher Roberta Estes said ... Estes and her fellow researchers theorize that the various Melungeon lines may have sprung from the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s, before slavery ... In order to conduct the larger DNA study, Goins and his fellow researchers – who are genealogists but not academics – had to define who was a Melungeon." 
17. "Family Tree DNA's Genomics Research Center Facilitates Discovery of Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree" (Press release). Gene By Gene. March 26, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2013. Once in Family Tree DNA's database, long-time project administrator Bonnie Schrack noticed that the sample was very unique and advocated for further testing to be done. 'This whole discovery began, really, with a citizen scientist – someone very similar to our many customers who are interested in learning more about their family roots using one of our genealogy products,' said Gene By Gene President Bennett Greenspan. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/family-tree-dnas-genomics-research-center-facilitates-discovery-of-extremely-ancient-root-to-the-human-y-chromosome-phylogenetic-tree-200049821.html
18. "Family History and DNA: Genetic Genealogy in 2013". Southern California Genealogical Society. Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130710014353/http://www.scgsgenealogy.com/Jamboree/2013/DNAday.htm. Retrieved July 7, 2013. 
19. Callaway, Ewen (June 5, 2012). "Ancestry testing goes for pinpoint accuracy". Nature 486 (7401): 17–17. doi:10.1038/486017a. PMID 22678260. "Commercial ancestry testing, once the province of limited information of dubious accuracy, is taking advantage of whole-genome scans, sophisticated analyses and ever-deeper databases of human genetic diversity to help people to answer a simple question: where am I from?".  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F486017a
20. Vergano, Dan (June 13, 2013). "DNA detectives seek origins of you". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/13/dna-detectives-seek-origins-of-you/2420071/. Retrieved July 16, 2013. 
21. King, Turi E.; Jobling, Mark A. (2009). "What's in a name? Y chromosomes, surnames and the genetic genealogy revolution". Trends in Genetics 25 (8): 351–60. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2009.06.003. PMID 19665817. "The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (www.isogg.org) advocates the use of genetics as a tool for genealogical research, and provides a support network for genetic genealogists. It hosts the ISOGG Y-haplogroup tree, which has the virtue of being regularly updated.".  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tig.2009.06.003
22. "ISOGG 2006 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree". ISOGG. http://www.isogg.org/tree/Main06.html. Retrieved July 8, 2013. "An ISOGG group was formed in November 2005 to create a web-based document which could be updated to keep pace with the rapid developments in the field." 
23. Athey, Whit (2008). "Editor's Corner: A New Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree". Journal of Genetic Genealogy 4 (1): i–ii. http://www.jogg.info/41/Editorial.pdf. Retrieved July 8, 2013. "ISOGG is committed to a tree with the minimum of confusion for users, so naturally, with the publication of the new tree in Karafet (2008), ISOGG will be changing several haplogroup names to conform to the choices made by Karafet ... Meanwhile, new SNPs are being announced or published almost every month. ISOGG’s role will be to maintain a tree that is as up-to-date as possible, allowing us to see where each new SNP fits in.". 
24. Van Holst Pellekaan, Sheila (2013). "Genetic evidence for the colonization of Australia". Quaternary International 285: 44–56. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.014. "Classification of the mtDNA lineages is historic, following the naming of Native American haplogroups A, B, C and D (Torroni et al., 2006). This initiated a generally accepted nomenclature, whereby African lineages were called L and one of these, L3, apparently gave rise to some African and all non-African mt haplotypes (matrilines) that cluster under the ‘superfamilies’ or macrohaplogroups called ‘M’ and ‘N’. There are now non-African mtDNA haplogroups named after all the other letters of the alphabet (except L) that are subdivisions of the large M and N superfamilies (van Oven and Kayser, 2010). The accepted system of naming sub-groups was set out by Richards et al. (1998) and more recently reviewed by Torroni et al. (2006). Y-chromosome studies have also resulted in an accepted nomenclature (see Karafet et al., 2008; ISOGG, 2010).".  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2011.04.014
25. Redmonds, George; King, Turi; Hey, David (2011). Surnames, DNA, and Family History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 196. ISBN 9780199582648. https://books.google.com/books?id=tQRMzEcIb2gC. "The growth of interest in genetic genealogy has inspired a group of individuals outside the academic area who are passionate about the subject and who have an impressive grasp of the research issues. Two focal points for this group are the International Society of Genetic Genealogy and the Journal of Genetic Genealogy. The ISOGG is a non-profit, non-commercial organization that provides resources and maintains one of the most up-to-date, if not completely academically verified, phylogenetic trees of Y chromosome haplogroups." 
26. Li, Dongna; Li, Hui; Ou, Caiying; Lu, Yan; Sun, Yuantian; Yang, Bo; Qin, Zhendong; Zhou, Zhenjian et al. (2008). MacAulay, Vincent. ed. "Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia". PLoS ONE 3 (5): e2168. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002168. PMID 18478090.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2374892
27. Zhao, Zhongming; Khan, Faisal; Borkar, Minal; Herrera, Rene; Agrawal, Suraksha (2009). "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes". Annals of Human Biology 36 (1): 46–59. doi:10.1080/03014460802558522. PMID 19058044.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2755252
28. Regueiro, Maria; Rivera, Luis; Damnjanovic, Tatjana; Lukovic, Ljiljana; Milasin, Jelena; Herrera, Rene J. (2012). "High levels of Paleolithic Y-chromosome lineages characterize Serbia". Gene 498 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.030. PMID 22310393.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gene.2012.01.030
29. Al-Zahery, Nadia; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Grugni, Viola; Hamod, Mohammed A; Kashani, Baharak; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio et al. (2011). "In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: A survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq". BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 288. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288. PMID 21970613.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3215667
30. Ambrosio, B.; Dugoujon, J. M.; Hernández, C.; De La Fuente, D.; González-Martín, A.; Fortes-Lima, C. A.; Novelletto, A.; Rodríguez, J. N. et al. (2010). "The Andalusian population from Huelva reveals a high diversification of Y-DNA paternal lineages from haplogroup E: Identifying human male movements within the Mediterranean space". Annals of Human Biology 37 (1): 86–107. doi:10.3109/03014460903229155. PMID 19939195.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3109%2F03014460903229155
31. Wagner, Jennifer K.; Weiss, Kenneth M. (2011). "Attitudes on DNA ancestry tests". Human Genetics 131 (1): 41–56. doi:10.1007/s00439-011-1034-5. PMID 21698460.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00439-011-1034-5
32. Fedorova, Sardana A; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Metspalu, Mait; Rootsi, Siiri; Tambets, Kristiina; Trofimova, Natalya; Zhadanov, Sergey I et al. (2013). "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): Implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 127. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127. PMID 23782551.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3695835