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Topic Review
Tumor Cell Signaling Pathways
Increasing the understanding of carcinogenesis has allowed the delineation of crucial signaling pathways, which have shown essential roles in the regulation of stem cell functions
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Big Data-Based Urban Park Research
Urban parks provide multiple benefits to human well-being and human health. Big data provide new and powerful ways to study visitors’ feelings, activities in urban parks, and the effect they themselves have on urban parks. Big data benefits urban park research by providing low-cost, timely information, a people-oriented perspective, and fine-grained site information. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion with Nanomaterials
The number of research reporting the addition of nanomaterials to enhance the process of anaerobic digestion has exponentially increased. The benefits of this addition can be observed from different aspects: an increase in biogas production, enrichment of methane in biogas, elimination of foaming problems, a more stable and robust operation, absence of inhibition problems, etc. Several hypotheses have been formulated, with the effect on the redox potential caused by nanoparticles probably being the most accepted, although supplementation with trace materials coming from nanomaterials and the changes in microbial populations have been also highlighted. The types of nanomaterials tested for the improvement of anaerobic digestion is very diverse, although metallic and, especially, iron-based nanoparticles, are the most frequently used.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Solid and Liquid Oxygen under Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields
Oxygen is a unique molecule that possesses a spin quantum number S=1. In the condensed phases of oxygen, the delicate balance between the antiferromagnetic interaction and van der Waals force results in the various phases with different crystal structures. By applying ultrahigh magnetic fields, the antiferromagnetic coupling between O2 molecules breaks, and novel high-field phase (θ phase) appears. Since oxygen is an important element for various (bio-)chemical reactions, the reorientation of O2 molecules could be an attractive mechanism for contrlling the reactivity.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Microalgae Photo-Protectants for Skin Applications
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms known for producing valuable metabolites under different conditions such as extreme temperatures, high salinity, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation. Microalgae can produce organic metabolites, such as sporopollenin, scytonemin, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)  to mention a few, and these metabolites have the purpose to protect the microalgae from ultraviolet (UV) radiation while allowing visible radiation involved in photosynthesis to pass through. This characteristic allows some microalgae to be tolerant to UV rays. The understanding of these secondary metabolites produced by algae has led to the creation of promising industrially relevant compounds. The growing concern regarding the ecologically and dermatologically noxious implications of current sun protectants has brought with it the need for a safer alternative. MAAs are the most studied photo-protectant in marine organisms due to their relevance. They are abundant in various aquatic and terrestrial environments and are known for being eco-sustainable compounds since they are the outcome of the evolution of algae. Unlike their synthetic counterparts used unconventional sunscreens, there are no possibilities for pollution caused by them. Thus, algal metabolites shape the safety and sustainability profiles of commercial sunscreens.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Disease Modeling with Kidney Organoids
Kidney diseases often lack optimal treatments, leading millions of deaths each year. Thus, developing appropriate model systems to study human kidney disease is of utmost importance. Some of the most promising human kidney models are organoids or small organ-resembling tissue collectives, derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Amino Acids L-Arginine on Physical Performance
Consumption of amino acids L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-citrulline (L-Cit) are purported to increase nitric oxide (NO) production and improve physical performance. However, standalone L-Arg supplementation seems ineffective in increasing NO synthesis or improve physical performance and perceptual feelings of exertion among recreationally active and trained athletes.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Concubinage in Canada
Largely unrecognised by modern courts, concubinage – the formal position of a mistress maintaining a religiously-sanctioned partnership with a man to whom she is not wed – has a varied history when it has appeared in Canada. The term "concubine" has many definitions, referring to any illicit lasting relationship with an unmarried woman, or an "unmarried wife", or an extra-marital partner to a married man. Much of the political debate has tried to first define the term being used, followed by the legal arguments setting out its place in society.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Periodic Matrix Set
In mathematics, a periodic matrix set is a set of square matrices in which each square matrix is of a different size, and such that each cell within each matrix within a set contains data associated with some type of periodic distribution.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Geonets
A geonet is a geosynthetic material similar in structure to a geogrid, consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various angles for in-plane drainage of liquids or gases. Geonets are often laminated with geotextiles on one or both surfaces and are then referred to as drainage geocomposites. They are competitive with other drainage geocomposites having different core configurations.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Global Perceptions of Autism
Diagnosis, treatment, and experiences of autism varies globally. The autism rights movement has argued that autism should be viewed as a type of neurodiversity and treated as a difference rather than a disorder. Although the diagnosis of autism is rising in post-industrial nations, diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Fairground Park Riot
The Fairground Park Riot was a race riot that broke out on June 21, 1949 at a newly integrated public swimming pool.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Efferocytosis and Biological Barriers
Similar to previous pandemics, COVID-19 has been succeeded by well-documented post-infectious sequelae, including chronic fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, and concentration difficulties. Dysfunctional efferocytosis has been associated with biological barrier disruption, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and a constellation of symptoms reminiscent of long COVID and other fatiguing illnesses.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
HeliOS
Helios is a discontinued Unix-like operating system for parallel computers. It was developed and published by Perihelion Software. Its primary architecture is the Inmos Transputer. Helios' microkernel implements a distributed namespace and messaging protocol, through which services are accessed. A POSIX compatibility library enables the use of Unix application software, and the system provides most of the usual Unix utilities. Work on Helios began in the autumn of 1986. Its success was limited by the commercial failure of the Transputer, and efforts to move to other architectures met with limited success. Perihelion ceased trading in 1998. The name of the product was Helios. In the materials they produced, Perihelion Software never referred to the operating system as HeliOS.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
IAM RoadSmart
IAM RoadSmart formerly called the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) is a charity based in the United Kingdom and serving nine countries, whose objective is to improve car driving and motorcycle riding standards, and so enhance road safety, by using the British police's system of car and motorcycle control commonly known as "the System". The System was devised in 1937 by racing driver Mark Everard Pepys, 6th Earl of Cottenham, to reduce accidents in police pursuits. People who have passed an IAM test have substantially fewer accidents and typically report getting more pleasure from driving too. Research has shown that IAM training increases a wide range of driving skills, including speed, safe distances, gear changing and cornering. The IAM was formed in 1956 and has over 82,000 members, all of whom have taken and passed an advanced test in a car, commercial vehicle or on a motorcycle. In 2006, the charity took over the work of the AA Motoring Trust, which had been established in 2002 by The Automobile Association. The charity brought its different activities and programmes together under one umbrella called IAM RoadSmart in 2016.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
CW Integrity Systems Involved in Plant Biotic Stress
A cell wall (CW) has an established role in maintaining and determining cell shape, resisting internal turgor pressure, directing cell and plant growth, contributing to plant morphology, and regulating diffusion through the apoplast. Plants continually face environmental and biotic stresses, and these stressful conditions force the plants to evolve and develop monitoring systems to deal with the harsh conditions. The CW is a dynamic structure and the main site harboring different plant monitoring systems for perception and signaling plant immunity. Targeted genetic modifications of CW could be used as a tool to study the intricacy of defense priming and plant immunity.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Succinate Dehydrogenase and Cellular Energy Metabolism
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is one of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Succinate dehydrogenase by pesticides (SDHIs) constitute a class of pesticides to fight against fungi. This represents roughly a dozen different molecules sharing the property to inhibit the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme implicated in carbon metabolism and cellular respiration.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Adipocyte–Macrophage Relationship in Cancer
Obesity is a major public health concern associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Moreover, obesity is considered one of the major risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases, such as cancer. Researchers describe here, how adipose tissue dysfunction, particularly alterations in adipocytes and macrophages, participate in such processes.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cellular Metabolism in Dentine-Pulp Complex
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Surface by Aryl Groups
Arylated nanotubes are characterized by extended solubility, and are widely used in photoelectronics, semiconductor technology, and bioelectrocatalysis. The main emphasis is on arylation methods according to the radical mechanism, such as the Gomberg–Bachmann and Billups reactions, and the decomposition of peroxides. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 May 2023
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