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Topic Review
Nanoscience Delivery Systems Used in Nutricosmetic Sector
Nutricosmetics is a new cosmetics sector that uses an integrated “In and Out” approach. Cosmetic products together with food supplements such as micronutrients (minerals, vitamins), macronutrients (peptides, essential fatty acids), and botanicals (herbal and fruit extracts)  are employed to nourish the skin and reduce skin aging.  Biopolymeric nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and colloids are delivery systems applied to improve the bioactive components’ performance in food supplements and cosmetics. The toxicity of nano-sized delivery systems is unclear despite food supplements and cosmetic industries using them. 
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental respirable particles. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Affected horses present with cough, nasal discharge and increased respiratory effort at rest. Although a complex diversity of genetic and immunological pathways contribute to the disease, these remain to be fully understood. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Intermediate Filaments in the Endothelial Cell
Vimentin, the main protein of endothelial intermediate filaments, is one of the most well-studied of these and belongs to type-III intermediate filaments, commonly found in cells of mesenchymal origin. Vimentin filaments are linked mechanically or by signaling molecules to microfilaments and microtubules by which coordinated cell polarisation and migration are carried out, as well as control over several endotheliocyte functions. Moreover, the soluble vimentin acts as an indicator of the state of the cardiovascular system, and the involvement of vimentin in the development and course of atherosclerosis has been demonstrated.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Information and Communication Technology and CO2 Emissions
The expansion of ICT has led to higher electricity consumption due to the increase in ICT terminal devices, networks, and large-scale data centers, resulting in an increase in power consumption. Data centers, in particular, contain IT hardware, such as computers and data storage devices; various types of network equipment for communication (routers, switches, modems, etc.); and heating and cooling infrastructure. The energy used by data centers is 10–100 times that compared to the amount used by commercial buildings in the same area. According to UNEP and DTU, the amount of electricity consumed by data centers in 2018 corresponded to 1% of the global electricity demand, but it is expected to account for more than 20% of the total electricity demand in 2030. If ICT electricity consumption increases at the current rate, it will have a negative impact on reducing CO2 emissions. In other words, the expansion of ICT equipment supply accompanies the demand for electricity in terms of use, which leads to an increase in CO2 emissions.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota in Thyroiditis of Hashimoto
Since the thyroid gland is one of the organs most affected by autoimmune processes, many patients with thyroiditis of Hashimoto (TH) seek medical advice on lifestyle variance and dietary modifications to improve and maintain their hyroid function. For most TH patients, the hormone-replacement therapy with levothyroxine is indispensable. Nevertheless, an appropriate dietary regimen and ecological lifestyle can complement the standard treatment and favor remission of TH by improving the function of the thyroid gland. Other less significant parameters may be a repercussion of healthier body reactions and improvement of life quality, such as better sleep and alertness. Compliance with nutritional guidelines with a focus on the prevailing anti-inflammatory diet and controlled vitamin D dosing may help individual TH patients to reduce the need for medicines, slow down the course of the disease, and avoid relapses.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Mexican Plants with Teratogenic Effects
In Mexico, the use of medicinal plants is the first alternative to treat the diseases of the most economically vulnerable population. Some species with teratogenic effects and the main alterations that were found in the nervous system and axial skeleton, induced by compounds such as alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Syndemic: A Synergistic Anthropological Approach to the COVID-19 Pandemic
This review describes the relationship between the coronavirus-related pandemic and health inequities. The latter are linked to pre-existing social and economic discriminations in terms of access to healthcare for people affected by chronic diseases. We believe that we are living in a “syndemic pandemic”. The term “syndemic” was originally developed by the medical anthropologist Merrill Singer in the 1990s in order to recognize the correlation between HIV/AIDS, illicit drug use, and violence in the United States. This complex interplay exacerbated the burden of the disease and the prognosis of the patient. Similarly, in COVID-19 infection, socio-economic, ethnic, and racial inequities result in higher morbidity and mortality in certain sections of society. Unfortunately, such differences are becoming too common during the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of the incidence and prevalence of the disease, as well as inequal access to new medical advances and life-saving therapeutics for those with COVID-19, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatment. Lockdown measures, imposed internationally as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, are causing economic inequities, which complicate the issue even further. An appropriate syndemic anthropological approach is necessary to ensure that this pandemic does not increase health inequities in access to appropriate treatments.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Jul 2026
Topic Review
TRAILR2/DR5-Mediated Activation of Apoptosis upon Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
The uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells in growing tumors results in the generation of different stressors in the tumor microenvironment, such as nutrient shortage, hypoxia, and acidosis, among others, that disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and may lead to ER stress. As a response to ER stress, both normal and tumor cells launch a set of signaling pathways known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER proteostasis and maintain cell viability and function. However, under sustained ER stress, an apoptotic cell death process can be induced, although the role of the (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2/DR5)-activated extrinsic pathway of apoptosis has not yet been thoroughly summarized.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Thermotogae
The Thermotogae are a phylum of the domain Bacteria. The phylum Thermotogae is composed of Gram-negative staining, anaerobic, and mostly thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Buddhist Poetry
Buddhist poetry is a genre of literature that forms a part of Buddhist discourse.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Controlled Impact Demonstration
The Controlled Impact Demonstration (or colloquially the Crash In the Desert) was a joint project between NASA and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that intentionally crashed a remotely controlled Boeing 720 aircraft to acquire data and test new technologies to aid passenger and crew survival. The crash required more than four years of preparation by NASA Ames Research Center, Langley Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Center, the FAA, and General Electric. After numerous test runs, the plane was crashed on December 1, 1984. The test went generally according to plan, and produced a spectacular fireball that required more than an hour to extinguish. The FAA concluded that about one-quarter of the passengers would have survived, that the antimisting kerosene test fuel did not sufficiently reduce the risk of fire, and that several changes to equipment in the passenger compartment of aircraft were needed. NASA concluded that a head-up display and microwave landing system would have helped the pilot more safely fly the aircraft.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
WS2-Based Nanomaterials Employed for Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues globally due to its harmful consequences on the ecosystem and public health. Various technologies have been developed for water treatment such as photocatalysis, which has recently drawn scientists’ attention. Photocatalytic techniques using semiconductors have shown an efficient removal of various water contaminants during water treatment as well as cost effectivity and low energy consumption. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is among the promising Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) photocatalysts, as it has an exceptional nanostructure and special properties including high surface area and high carrier mobility. It is usually synthesized via hydrothermal technique, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to obtain a wide variety of nanostructures such as nanosheets and nanorods. Most common examples of water pollutants that can be removed efficiently by WS2-based nanomaterials through semiconductor photocatalytic techniques are organic contaminants, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and infectious microorganisms.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Remote Learning in Higher Education
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a sudden transformation at universities. The previous mode of teaching has been replaced by remote education, the effectiveness of which depends, among other things, on the technological infrastructure of universities and the digital competence of lecturers and students. The study identified four dimensions (social-emotional, developmental, time-financial and negative attitude) in which students' evaluations vary. The social-emotional size of remote learning is more important for students who study remotely in a blended mode (compared to uniform). The developmental dimension is essential for students who participate in remote learning activities for longer during the day. In addition, a more extended period of remote learning promotes the greater importance of the time-financial dimension when evaluating remote knowledge. 
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Artemisia Australis
Artemisia /ˌɑːrtɪˈmiːziə/ is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. Artemisia comprises hardy herbaceous plants and shrubs, which are known for the powerful chemical constituents in their essential oils. Artemisia species grow in temperate climates of both hemispheres, usually in dry or semiarid habitats. Notable species include A. vulgaris (common mugwort), A. tridentata (big sagebrush), A. annua (sagewort), A. absinthium (wormwood), A. dracunculus (tarragon), and A. abrotanum (southernwood). The leaves of many species are covered with white hairs. Most species have strong aromas and bitter tastes from terpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones, which discourage herbivory, and may have had a selective advantage. The small flowers are wind-pollinated. Artemisia species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species. Some botanists split the genus into several genera, but DNA analysis does not support the maintenance of the genera Crossostephium, Filifolium, Neopallasia, Seriphidium, and Sphaeromeria; three other segregate genera -- Stilnolepis, Elachanthemum, and Kaschgaria -- are maintained by this evidence. Occasionally, some of the species are called sages, causing confusion with the Salvia sages in the family Lamiaceae.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cellular Prion Protein in Cancer Biology
Prion-like proteins and prions (PrPC), the prion protein cellular form, shares 90% of its amino acid sequence with other mammalian proteins. PrPCs are expressed almost in all tissues of an organism, but a higher amount of PrPCs has been found in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly the synaptic membranes and PrPC are linked. Scrapie PrP (PrPSc), a mutant cellular prion protein with an altered structure, is assumed to be the key etiological cause of prion diseases. Cancers are worldwide health concerns, whether they are sporadic or hereditary. The fundamental mechanism that causes somatic or oncogenic mutations and ultimately aids cancer development is still unknown. However, mammalian cells with protein-only somatic inheritance may also contribute to cancerous malignancies. Emerging data from a recent study show that prion-like proteins and prions (PrPC) are crucial entities that have a functional role in developing neurological disorders and cancer. Furthermore, excessive PrPC expression profiling has also been detected in non-neuronal tissues, such as the lymphoid cells, kidney, GIT, lung, muscle, and mammary glands. PrPC expression is strongly linked with the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, and breast malignancies. Experimental investigation presented that the PrPC expression, including the prion protein-coding gene (PRNP) and p53 ag are directly associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis (tumor suppressor gene). The ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway also confers a robust metastatic capability for PrPC-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Additionally, prions could alter the epigenetic regulation of genes and overactive the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which promotes the development of cancer in humans. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jul 2025
Topic Review
Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Neurological Diseases
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described to induce a broad range of redox-dependent signaling reactions in physiological conditions. Nevertheless, an excessive accumulation of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which was traditionally considered as detrimental for cells and organisms, due to the oxidative damage they cause to biomolecules. During ageing, elevated ROS levels result in the accumulation of damaged proteins, which may exhibit altered enzymatic function or physical properties (e.g., aggregation propensity). Emerging evidence also highlights the relationship between oxidative stress and age-related pathologies, such as protein misfolding-based neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD) and Huntington’s (HD) diseases). 
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
DAO Activity in the Monitoring of Diverse Diseases
The serum level of diamine oxidase (DAO) reflects the integrity and maturation of the small intestinal mucosa. This measure is important in diagnosing various diseases, including chronic urticaria tachyphylaxis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, preterm abortion, and migraine.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Chemical Compounds of Retama monosperma
Retama monosperma L. (Boiss.) or Genista monosperma L. (Lam.), known locally as “R’tam”, is a spontaneous and annual herb that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean regions, specifically in the desert areas and across the Middle Atlas in Morocco. This plant has been extensively used in folk medicine and it is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers
Nanotechnology is critically dependent on the usage of biosynthetic or “green” technologies, which are inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and produce minimal contamination.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Medical Uses of FFC Based on Targeted Species
Florfenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat a range of diseases in farm and aquatic animals. This synthetic analog of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol works by inhibiting ribosomal activity, thereby disrupting bacterial protein synthesis, and has been proven in its effectiveness against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial groups. Additionally, florfenicol has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties and reduce immune cell proliferation and cytokine production.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jul 2023
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