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Topic Review
Multi-Morbidity and Polypharmacy
Multi-morbidity and polypharmacy are common in older people and pose a challenge for health and social care systems, especially in the context of global population ageing. They are complex and interrelated concepts in the care of older people that require early detection and patient-centred shared decision making underpinned by multi-disciplinary team-led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) across all health and social care settings. Personalised care plans need to remain responsive and adaptable to the needs and wishes of the patient, enabling the individual to maintain their independence.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Microfluidic for Cutaneous Wound Healing
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex, multi-stage process involving direct and indirect cell communication events with the aim of efficiently restoring the barrier function of the skin. One key aspect in cutaneous wound healing is associated with cell movement and migration into the physically, chemically, and biologically injured area, resulting in wound closure. Understanding the conditions under which cell migration is impaired and elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that improve healing dynamics are therefore crucial in devising novel therapeutic strategies to elevate patient suffering, reduce scaring, and eliminate chronic wounds. Following the global trend towards the automation, miniaturization, and integration of cell-based assays into microphysiological systems, conventional wound healing assays such as the scratch assay and cell exclusion assay have recently been translated and improved using microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies. These miniaturized cell analysis systems allow for precise spatial and temporal control over a range of dynamic microenvironmental factors including shear stress, biochemical and oxygen gradients to create more reliable in vitro models that resemble the in vivo microenvironment of a wound more closely on a molecular, cellular, and tissue level. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Helichrysum Mill
The genus Helichrysum Mill comprises hundreds of species that are mostly flowering perennial shrubs. Some of these plants that belong to the Helichrysum species are used in traditional medicine to treat cough, back pain, diabetes, asthma, digestive problems, menstrual pain, chest pain, kidney disorders, skin disorders, wounds, open sores, among other conditions, but, only a few scientific studies are reported in the literature with sufficient information that validates the acclaimed folkloric benefits of these plants. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities are reported of selected Helichrysum species of interest: H. petiolare, H. cymocum, H. foetidum, and H. pandurifolium Schrank, using scientific databases as well as electronic and print sources.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Bacterial Mimicry in Gluten-related Disorders
Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are a group of diseases that involve the activation of the immune system triggered by the ingestion of gluten, with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. Among them, Celiac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease causing a plethora of symptoms from diarrhea and malabsorption to lymphoma. Even though GRDs have been intensively studied, the environmental triggers promoting the diverse reactions to gluten proteins in susceptible individuals remain elusive. It has been proposed that pathogens could act as disease-causing environmental triggers of CeD by molecular mimicry mechanisms. Additionally, it could also be possible that unrecognized molecular, structural, and physical parallels between gluten and bacteria have a relevant role. 
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Amelogenin-Derived Peptides
Amelogenins are enamel matrix proteins currently used to treat bone defects in periodontal surgery. Recent studies have highlighted the relevance of amelogenin-derived peptides, named LRAP, TRAP, SP, and C11, in bone tissue engineering. Interestingly, these peptides seem to maintain or even improve the biological activity of the full-length protein, which has received attention in the field of bone regeneration.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Socio-Economic Aspects of Sustainable Mobility
The importance of transportation in terms of economic growth and human resources cannot be overstated. The way people move to work or enjoy recreation, how companies send workers to reach clients, and how businesses ship goods to distribution centres—transport shapes lives and underpins everything. The goal of the transportation system should be to advance the excellence of life in the city and suburbs by providing a safe, dependable, integrated, multi-modal, effective, and environmentally friendly transportation system (particularly by employing low/zero-emission cars, park and ride solutions, and so on). There are various socioeconomic facets of sustainable mobility. In addition, some of them also overlap with the environmental or technical categories. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Nutrition and Healthy Aging
Nutritinal well-being is a fundamental aspect for the health, autonomy and therefore the quality of life of all people, but expecially of the elderly. Old patients are particularly at risk of malnutrition, due to the multiple etiopathogenetic factors which can lead to a reduction in intake of nutrients, a progressive loss of functinal autonomy with dependence on food, psychological problems related to economic or social isolation, e.g. linked to poverty or loneliness. Gasteointestinal changes in aging involve motor function and therefore intestinal transit, mechanical breackdown of food and his chemical digestion. These alterations progressively lead to the reducede ability to supply the body with adequate quantities of nutrients, with the consequent  development of malnutrition.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Thymus zygis L. and Thymus willdenowii Boiss. Oils
Essential oils (EOs) are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oils have many health benefits: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties, the present study was designed to analyze essential oils of Thymus zygis L. and Thymus willdenowii Boiss. for their chemical composition and biological activities. These two thyme species were collected from the region of Ifrane, Middle Atlas of Morocco. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Phytosterols in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease with an increasing prevalence in both adults and children. Although the symptoms are absent or poorly expressed in most cases, some patients may progress to end-stage liver disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is known to be multifactorial. Therapeutic recommendations focus on lifestyle changes in order to reduce the incidence of risk factors and drugs targeting major molecular pathways potentially involved in the development of this disease. Given that a pharmacological treatment, completely safe and effective, is not currently known more research has been done on the effects that some bio-active natural compounds, derived from plants, have in preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD. Numerous studies, in animals and humans, have shown that phytosterols (PSs) play an important role in this pathology. Phytosterols are natural products that are found naturally in plant. More than 250 phytosterols have been identified, but the most common in the diet are stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol. Consumption of dietary PSs can reduce serum cholesterol levels. Due to these properties, most studies have focused on their action on lipid metabolism and the evolution of NAFLD. PSs may reduce steatosis, cytotoxicity oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Critical Factors of Performance of Highway Projects
Highway construction projects have always suffered from cost overruns due to extended project delivery, causing a loss of public funds. Highway projects have had unsatisfactory performance due to time and expense overruns. Also, prompt completion, minimal cost overruns, no on-site dangers, and a sufficient quality standard have all been identified as indicators of a successful project . 
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Community Acceptance of Sustainable Social Housing in Mumbai
Housing is an essential aspect of sustainable development. Through its construction, design, use and demolition, housing contributes to the consumption of natural and man-made materials resources, water and energy. As sustainable development is highly interlinked with the concept of quality of life, well-being and liveability, sustainability measures are increasingly at the forefront of housing provision efforts as housing is a significant tool to deliver both quality of life and sustainable development. The imperative of climate variability means that people's housing technologies and design need to be more sustainable in reducing their contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Sustainable housing is expected to improve energy efficiency, ensure access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, and reduce waste and water pollution. These structural and design elements of housing, alongside other housing components such as housing location, environment and expenditure burden, can, directly and indirectly, affect people’s choices and chances to improve their quality of life.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Synergistic Hypolipidemic Effects and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals
Hyperlipidemia, a chronic disorder of abnormal lipid metabolism, can induce obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Increasing evidence indicates that phytochemicals may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia and its complications. At the same time, the concept of synergistic hypolipidemic and its application in the food industry is rapidly increasing as a practical approach to preserve and improve the health-promoting effects of functional ingredients. Due to the complexity of the lipid metabolism regulatory network, the synergistic regulation of different metabolic pathways or targets may be more effective than single pathways or targets in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Harvestman Anatomy
Harvestmen (Opiliones) are an order of arachnids and share many common characteristics with other arachnids. However, several differences separate harvestmen from other arachnid orders such as spiders. The bodies of opliones are divided into two tagmata (arthropod body regions): the abdomen (opisthosoma) and the cephalothorax (prosoma). Unlike spiders, the juncture between the abdomen and cephalothorax is often poorly defined. Harvestmen have chelicerae, pedipalps and four pairs of legs. Most harvestmen have two eyes, although there are eyeless species.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cell Wall Associated Kinase
Cell wall associated kinases (WAKs) are receptor-like protein kinases, found in plant cell walls, that have the capability to transmit signals directly by their cytoplasmic kinase domains. They usually link the plasma membrane to the protein and carbohydrate that composed the cell wall. The receptor-like proteins contain a cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase and a less conserved region; bound to the cell wall and contains a series of epidermal growth factor repeats. WAKs are found in various plants and crops like rice, and maize. In plants genome like Arabidopsis, WAKs, are encoded by five highly similar genes clustered in a 30-kb locus, among them WAK1 & WAK2 are highly distributed. They are primarily involved in regulating plant cell wall functions including cell expansion, bind as well as response to pectins, pathogen response and also protects plants from detrimental effects.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Compression of Genomic Sequencing Data
High-throughput sequencing technologies have led to a dramatic decline of genome sequencing costs and to an astonishingly rapid accumulation of genomic data. These technologies are enabling ambitious genome sequencing endeavours, such as the 1000 Genomes Project and 1001 (Arabidopsis thaliana) Genomes Project. The storage and transfer of the tremendous amount of genomic data have become a mainstream problem, motivating the development of high-performance compression tools designed specifically for genomic data. A recent surge of interest in the development of novel algorithms and tools for storing and managing genomic re-sequencing data emphasizes the growing demand for efficient methods for genomic data compression.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Grsecurity
Grsecurity is a set of patches for the Linux kernel which emphasize security enhancements. The patches are typically used by computer systems which accept remote connections from untrusted locations, such as web servers and systems offering shell access to its users. Grsecurity provides a collection of security features to the Linux kernel, including address space protection, enhanced auditing and process control. Grsecurity is produced by Open Source Security, Inc., headquartered in Pennsylvania, and since April 2017 (Linux 4.9) the patches (including test ones) are only available to their paying customers.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Kumarakom
Kumarakom is a popular tourism destination located near the city of Kottayam (10 kilometres (6 mi)), in Kerala, India , famous for its backwater tourism. It is set in the backdrop of the Vembanad Lake, the largest lake in the state of Kerala.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Roles of GRP78 in Regulating Lipid Metabolism
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a molecular chaperone, is overexpressed in patients suffering from obesity, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. GRP78, therefore, can be not only a biomarker to predict the progression and prognosis of obesity and metabolic diseases but also a potential therapeutic target for anti-obesity treatment.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Sex Differences in Human Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a secondary disease of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). This microvascular complication develops in approximately 30% of patients with T1DM and 40% of patients with T2DM and is characterized by the presence of albuminuria and the progressive loss of renal function.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Chlorination of Harvested Rainwater
 In many rural areas, primary water sources such as surface water and groundwater are at risk of contamination with rapid agricultural and industrial growth and climate change-related issues. Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice for rural communities, and the momentum around its use is continually growing in recent years. Among the disinfection methods, chlorination is the most common method in large-scale water treatment schemes. It is also one of the most cost-effective water disinfection processes. It is further suggested that free chlorine could be extensively efficacious against most waterborne pathogens and cause destruction of the cell DNA of these microorganisms, except for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Mycobacteria species. Consequently, this method could reduce waterborne diseases in many countries. In addition, chlorine tablets and liquid pool chlorine are reasonably accessible and safe for transportation to the end-users for residential purposes.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Aug 2023
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