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Topic Review
Forward Osmosis Development
Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted special attention in water and wastewater treatment due to its role in addressing the challenges of water scarcity and contamination. The presence of emerging contaminants in water sources raises concerns regarding their environmental and public health impacts. Conventional wastewater treatment methods cannot effectively remove these contaminants; thus, innovative approaches are required. FO membranes offer a promising solution for wastewater treatment and removal of the contaminants in wastewater.
  • 602
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Significance of Synthetic DNA Constructs
The prevalence of mutated species of COVID-19 antigens has provided a strong impetus for identifying a cost-effective, rapid and facile strategy for identifying the viral loads in public places. The ever-changing genetic make-up of SARS-CoV-2 posts a significant challenfge for the research community to identify a robust mechanism to target, bind and confirm the presence of a viral load before it spreads. Synthetic DNA constructs are a novel strategy to design complementary DNA sequences specific for antigens of interest as SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
  • 593
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Enhanced Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Systems for Sustainable Water Desalination
Water scarcity is a pressing global issue driving the need for efficient and sustainable water reuse and desalination technologies. Humidification–dehumidification (HDH) has emerged as a promising method for small-scale and decentralized systems.
  • 588
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Methods for the Carbon-Supported Pd-Based Bimetallic Catalysts
Pd is the most efficient metal for this reaction due to its unique electronic structures as well as its superior ability to dissociate dihydrogen and activate acetylene, e.g., supported Pd nanoparticles can easily catalyze the reaction to achieve complete conversion of acetylene even at room temperature and normal pressure. 
  • 584
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Decarbonization of Power and Industrial Sectors
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the single largest contributor to climate change due to its increased emissions since global industrialization began. Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU) is regarded as a promising strategy to mitigate climate change, reducing the atmospheric concentration of CO2 from power and industrial activities. Post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) is necessary to implement CCSU into existing facilities without changing the combustion block. In general, membrane separation is found to be the most competitive technique in conventional absorption as long as the highly-performed membrane materials and the technology itself reach the full commercialization stage.
  • 583
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Chlorophyll and TiO2
Chlorophyll sensitization can improve the performance of semiconductors like TiO2 in photocatalytic reactions and light-harvesting technologies, such as solar cells. Faced with the search for renewable energy sources and sustainable technologies, the application of this natural pigment has been gaining prominence.
  • 563
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nature-Inspired Chiral Structures
Diverse chiral structures observed in nature find applications across various domains, including engineering, chemistry, and medicine. Particularly notable is the optical activity inherent in chiral structures, which has emerged prominently in the field of optics. This phenomenon has led to a wide range of applications, encompassing optical components, catalysts, sensors, and therapeutic interventions.
  • 559
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Displacement-Based Approaches for Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Removal
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients rely on renal replacement therapies to survive. Hemodialysis (HD), the most widely applied treatment, is responsible for the removal of excess fluid and uremic toxins (UTs) from blood, particularly those with low molecular weight (MW < 500 Da). The development of high-flux membranes and more efficient treatment modes, such as hemodiafiltration, have resulted in improved removal rates of UTs in the middle molecular weight range. However, the concentrations of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) remain essentially untouched. Due to the high binding affinity to large proteins, such as albumin, PBUTs form large complexes (MW > 66 kDa) which are not removed during HD and their accumulation has been strongly associated with the increased morbidity and mortality of patients with ESRD. 
  • 558
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Fabrication of Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer Membrane
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) was first commercialized by DuPont in 1974. Its unique chemical structure gives it high heat resistance, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. But also due to these properties, it is difficult to prepare a membrane from it by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method.
  • 553
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Artificial Olfactory Images
The artificial olfactory image was proposed by Lundström et al. in 1991 as a new strategy for an electronic nose system which generated a two-dimensional mapping to be interpreted as a fingerprint of the detected gas species.
  • 550
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Post-Consumer Plastics in the Production of Wood-Plastic Composites
Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are produced by combining a polymeric matrix with wood particles, with this matrix potentially composed of either virgin or post-consumer polymers. The manufacturing process of wood-plastic composites encompasses the combination of polymeric matrices, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), together with lignocellulosic material, which can be fragmented into wood chips or particles. 
  • 545
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Spectroelectrochemical Techniques’ Applications in Microfluidics
Spectroelectrochemical Techniques is attracting intensive interest for various research in analytical fields, ranging from biology to chemistry, material engineering, and others. 
  • 509
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Electrospun Porous Carbon Nanofiber Mats
Electrospun porous carbon nanofiber mats have excellent properties, such as a large surface area, tunable porosity, and excellent electrical conductivity, and have attracted great attention in energy storage and power generation applications. Moreover, due to their exceptional properties, they can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), membrane electrodes for fuel cells, catalytic applications such as oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs), hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), and sensing applications such as biosensors, electrochemical sensors, and chemical sensors, providing a comprehensive insight into energy storage development and applications.
  • 509
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Non-Precious Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as ORR Electrocatalysts
Electrochemical applied potentials have a significant impact on oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) reactions and their kinetics. The thermodynamic potential of 1.229 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (RHE) for ORR is indicated as a specific potential in an electrochemical reaction.
  • 507
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Biorefineries Based on Catalytic Biomass Conversion
Biorefineries have been profiled as potential alternatives to increase biomass use at the industrial level. However, more efforts are required to improve the sustainability of these facilities through process improvement and product portfolio increase. 
  • 480
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Multifaceted Carbon Dot Nanocatalysts
Some collaborative studies advocate the unique characteristics of unconventional materials, including carbon nanotubes, nanosheets, nanoparticles, conducting polymers, integrated nano polymers, nano enzymes, and zero-dimensional nanomaterials/carbon dots (CDs) at the atomic and molecular level to generate efficient energy from various biomass substrates. Nanotechnology-based catalysts are considered a crucial tool for revolutionizing various energy-related applications.
  • 477
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Working Principle of Polymer-Based Nanogenerators Using Environmental Energy
Natural environment hosts a considerable amount of accessible energy, comprising mechanical, thermal, and chemical potentials. Environment-induced nanogenerators are nanomaterial-based electronic chips that capture environmental energy and convert it into electricity in an environmentally friendly way. Polymers, characterized by their superior flexibility, lightweight, and ease of processing, are considered viable materials.
  • 466
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Process-Intensified Recovery of Proteins from Aqueous Media
Various adsorbent types could be employed for adsorptive separation, wastewater treatment and recovery or removal of various pollutants from aqueous media. Process-intensified recovery or adsorption of proteins from aqueous media was studied via the utilization of novel adsorbents as process intensification (PI) methodology.
  • 455
  • 22 Nov 2022
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