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Topic Review
Hip Implant Applications
Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers significant potential as an efficient fabrication technique on personalized organs as it is capable of biomimicking the intricate designs found in nature. In this review, the determining factors for hip replacement and the different fabrication techniques such as direct 3D printing, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA) for hip replacement. The study also covers surface modifications of 3D printed implants and provides an overview on 3D tissue regeneration. To appreciate the current conventional hip replacement practices, the conventional metallic and ceramic materials are covered, highlighting their rationale as the material of choice. Next, the challenges, ethics and trends in the implants’ 3D printing, outlook and challenges are also presented. 
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Types of Micellar Assemblies
Amphiphilic block copolymers (with a variety of hydrophobic blocks and hydrophilic blocks; often polyethylene oxide) self-assemble in water to micelles/niosomes similar to conventional nonionic surfactants with high drug loading capacity.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Polymeric Emissive Materials Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Dynamic covalent polymers, composed of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs), have received increasing attention due to their adaptive and reversible nature compared with common covalent linked polymers. Incorporating the DCBs into the polymeric material endows it with advanced performance including self-healing, shape memory property, and so forth.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Supercritical CO2
Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is an alternative promising solvent that has been actively used in recent decades to simplify many processes of polymer synthesis, modification, decomposition, etc.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Properties of Lignocellulosic Materials
Pathogenic microbes are a major source of health and environmental problems, mostly due to their easy proliferation on most surfaces. Currently, new classes of antimicrobial agents are under development to prevent microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. However, they are mostly from synthetic origin and present several disadvantages. The use of natural biopolymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, derived from lignocellulosic materials as antimicrobial agents has a promising potential. Lignocellulosic materials are one of the most abundant natural materials from renewable sources, and they present attractive characteristics, such as low density and biodegradability, are low-cost, high availability, and environmentally friendly.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding Application
Traditional metals and alloys are often used for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, they have drawbacks such as being heavy, expensive, and having low corrosion resistance, which limits their application in electromagnetic shielding. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel EMI shielding materials. Polymers, being highly flexible, corrosion-resistant, and possessing high specific strength, are frequently employed in electromagnetic shielding materials.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Modification of Glucomannan as an Excipient
Glucomannan (GM) is a polysaccharide generally extracted from the tuber of Amorphophallus konjac. It consists of mannose and glucose residues linked by β-(1-4) and exhibits hydrocolloid characteristics which can be applied as thickening and gelling agents. However, it has poor water resistance and low mechanical strength when used as an excipient in solid form. Several physical and chemical modifications have been carried out to improve these drawbacks. Chemical modification involves the substitution of functional groups in GM’s structure including esterification and etherification. It causes a decrease in its high hydrophilic film behavior and produce water-resistant films. Physical modification involves mixing native GM with other excipients through processes involving milling, moisture, temperature, pressure, radiation, etc. It causes variations to particle size, shape, surface properties, porosity, density, and to functional properties such as swelling capacity and gelation ability
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Polymers for Microfluidic Sorting
Magnetophoresis offers many advantages for manipulating magnetic targets in microsystems. The integration of micro-flux concentrators and micro-magnets allows achieving large field gradients and therefore large reachable magnetic forces. However, the associated fabrication techniques are often complex and costly, and besides, they put specific constraints on the geometries. Magnetic composite polymers provide a promising alternative in terms of simplicity and fabrication costs, and they open new perspectives for the microstructuring, design, and integration of magnetic functions.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Food Bio-Based Packaging
Recently, academic research and industries have gained awareness about the economic, environmental, and social impacts of conventional plastic packaging and its disposal. This consciousness has oriented efforts towards more sustainable materials such as biopolymers, paving the way for the “green era” of food packaging.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
HPMCAS-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Clinic
Therapeutic candidates with low solubility have become increasingly common in pharmaceutical research pipelines. Several techniques such as hot melt extrusion, spray drying, supercritical fluid technology, electrospinning, KinetiSol, etc., have been devised to improve either or both the solubility and dissolution to enhance the bioavailability of these active substances belonging to BCS Class II and IV.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyesters
Polyester is a kind of polymer composed of ester bond-linked polybasic acids and polyol. This type of polymer has a wide range of applications in various industries, such as automotive, furniture, coatings, packaging, and biomedical. The traditional process of synthesizing polyester mainly uses metal catalyst polymerization under high-temperature. This condition may have problems with metal residue and undesired side reactions. As an alternative, enzyme-catalyzed polymerization is evolving rapidly due to the metal-free residue, satisfactory biocompatibility, and mild reaction conditions.   
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
High-Voltage Film Capacitors
High-voltage capacitors are key components for circuit breakers and monitoring and protection devices, and are important elements used to improve the efficiency and reliability of the grid. Different technologies are used in high-voltage capacitor manufacturing process, and at all stages of this process polymeric films must be used, along with an encapsulating material, which can be either liquid, solid or gaseous.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Polypropylene Extrusion Molding Production Quality
Polypropylene is derived from the reaction of petrochemical propylene gas with a density of 0.89–0.94 g/cm3. It is a lightweight plastic material with a semitransparent white color and has a lower cost than other plastic materials.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Water in Epoxy Coatings
The absorption of water strongly affects the exploitation characteristics of epoxy coatings and their lifecycles. The models used for describing water absorption to a polymer matrix involve many parameters that can adequately describe the process with parameter tuning. However, when using multiple variable parameters, the physical essence of absorption can be obscured. Hence, one of the promising directions in this field is the development of new models with fixed physically transparent parameters, which will adequately describe the water uptake process in epoxy resins.
  • 1.5K
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
SAPO-34 Zeolite Membranes
In the zeolite family, the silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-34 zeolite has a unique chemical structure, distinctive pore size, adsorption characteristics, as well as chemical and thermal stability, has attracted much research attention. Increasing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions pose a serious environmental threat to humans, animals, plants, and the entire environment.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Li-ion Batteries
With the ever-growing energy storage notably due to the electric vehicle market expansion and stationary applications, one of the challenges of lithium batteries lies in the cost and environmental impacts of their manufacture. The main process employed is the solvent-casting method, based on a slurry casted onto a current collector. The disadvantages of this technique include the use of toxic and costly solvents as well as significant quantity of energy required for solvent evaporation and recycling. A solvent-free manufacturing method would represent significant progress in the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Polyurethane Flexible Foams
Polyurethane (PUR) foam is a synthetic polymer.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Encapsulation of Bioactive Phytochemicals
Many consumers are switching to a plant-based diet because of their concerns about animal-derived foods on the environment, human health, and animal welfare. There has therefore been great interest in identifying, isolating, and characterizing functional ingredients from botanical sources, especially waste streams from food and agricultural production. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Thermoresponsive Polypeptoids
Thermoresponsive polypeptoids exhibiting a reversible phase transition in a controlled manner to temperature are a promising class of smart polymers that have drawn growing interest because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. The phase transition behavior of these polymers can be tuned by polymer architectures, chain-end, and various functional groups. 
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Covalent and Non-Covalent Interactions in Chitosan-Based Biomaterials
Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer that has gained great interest in many research fields due to its promising biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable mechanical properties. Through covalent and non-covalent chemical modifications, CS derivatives can reach optimal properties for the development of smart biomaterials in a wide range of biomedial applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jan 2022
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