Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Algal Phlorotannins as Novel Antibacterial Agents
Phlorotannins (PTs), an important group of algae-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been considered potent antibacterial agents both as single drug entities and in combination with commercially available antibacterial drugs.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Online Music Store
An online music store is an online business which sells audio files over the Internet, usually sound recordings of music songs or classical pieces, in which the user pays on a per-song or subscription basis. It may be differentiated from music streaming services in that the online music store sells the purchaser the actual digital music file, while streaming services offer the patron partial or full listening without the actually owning the source file. However, online music stores generally offer partial streaming previews of songs, with some songs even available for full length listening. Online music stores typically show a picture of the album art or of the performer or band for each song. Some online music stores also sell recorded speech files, such as podcasts and video files of movies.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Microbiome Metagenomics and Epigenomics on Gastric Cancer
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Similar microbes implicated in gastric cancer carcinogenesis have been detected in some of the risk factors of the disease, with microbial dysbiosis as a common root of concern as it promotes carcinogenesis through dysregulation of cancer immunosurveillance and induction of therapeutic resistance. The microbiome plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) pathological phenotypes and should be taken into consideration when designing personalized cancer therapies. 
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Energy Management Systems for Electric Vehicle Transportation
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been gaining interest as a result of their ability to reduce vehicle emissions. Developing an intelligent system to manage EVs charging demands is one of the fundamental aspects of this technology to better adapt for all-purpose transportation utilization. It is necessary for EVs to be connected to the Smart Grid (SG) to communicate with charging stations and other energy resources in order to control charging schedules, while Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques can be beneficial for improving the system, they can also raise security and privacy threats. Privacy preservation methodologies have been introduced to ensure data security. Federated Learning (FL) and blockchain technology are two emerging strategies to address information protection concerns. 
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Generative Attentional Networks for Image-to-Image Translation: Progressive U-GAT-IT
Unsupervised image-to-image translation has received considerable attention due to the recent remarkable advancements in generative adversarial networks (GANs). In image-to-image translation, state-of-the-art methods use unpaired image data to learn mappings between the source and target domains. However, despite their promising results, existing approaches often fail in challenging conditions, particularly when images have various target instances and a translation task involves significant transitions in shape and visual artifacts when translating low-level information rather than high-level semantics. To tackle the problem, a novel framework called Progressive Unsupervised Generative Attentional Networks with Adaptive Layer-Instance Normalization (PRO-U-GAT-IT) for the unsupervised image-to-image translation task was proposed. In contrast to existing attention-based models that fail to handle geometric transitions between the source and target domains, the model can translate images requiring extensive and holistic changes in shape. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed approach compared to the existing state-of-the-art models on different datasets.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
A Symbol Recognition System for Single-Line Diagrams Developed
In numerous electrical power distribution systems and other engineering contexts, single-line diagrams (SLDs) are frequently used. The importance of digitizing these images is growing. This is primarily because better engineering practices are required in areas such as equipment maintenance, asset management, safety, and others. Processing and analyzing these drawings, however, is a difficult job. With enough annotated training data, deep neural networks perform better in many object detection applications. Based on deep-learning techniques, a dataset can be used to assess the overall quality of a visual system
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Endotoxin Activity Assay
Endotoxin, also referred to as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potent stimulator of the inflammatory cascade which may progress to sepsis and septic shock. The term endotoxic septic shock has been used for patients who have a clinical phenotype that is characterized by high endotoxin activity in addition to a high burden of organ failure; especially a pattern of organ failure including hepatic dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and various forms of endothelial dysfunction. Endotoxic septic shock has been a target for drug therapy for decades with no success. A likely barrier to their success was the inability to quantify endotoxin in the bloodstream. The Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA) is positioned to change this landscape. In addition, medical devices using adsorptive technology in an extra-corporeal circulation has been shown to remove large quantities of endotoxin from the bloodstream. 
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pressure Sensors for Evaluating Hand Grasp and Pinch
This study addresses the need for highly sensitive tools to evaluate hand strength, particularly grasp and pinch strength, which are vital for diagnosing and rehabilitating conditions affecting hand function. Current devices like the Jamar dynamometer and Martin Vigorimeter, although reliable, fail to measure extremely low force values required for individuals with severe hand impairments. This research introduces a novel device, a modified Martin Vigorimeter, utilizing an ultra-soft latex chamber and differential pressure measurement to detect minute pressure changes, thus significantly enhancing sensitivity. The device offers a cost-effective solution, making advanced hand strength evaluation more accessible for clinical and research applications. Future research should validate its accuracy across diverse populations and settings, exploring its broader implications for hand rehabilitation and occupational health.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) affects many patients globally and has high mortality rates if undetected. Once thought to be solely a degenerative disease that afflicted the aorta due to high pressure and biomechanical stress, extensive investigation of the heritability and natural history of TAAD has shown a clear genetic basis for the disease.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Multifunctional Polymeric Nanogels for Biomedical Applications
Currently, research in nanoparticles as a drug delivery system has broadened to include their use as a delivery system for bioactive substances and a diagnostic or theranostic system. Nanogels, nanoparticles containing a high amount of water, have gained attention due to their advantages of colloidal stability, core-shell structure, and adjustable structural components. These advantages provide the potential to design and fabricate multifunctional nanosystems for various biomedical applications. Modified or functionalized polymers and some metals are components that markedly enhance the features of the nanogels, such as tunable amphiphilicity, biocompatibility, stimuli-responsiveness, or sensing moieties, leading to specificity, stability, and tracking abilities. 
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. 
  • 1.3K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Advances in Translational Nanotechnology
       The burgeoning field of nanotechnology aims to create and deploy nanoscale structures, devices, and systems with novel, size-dependent properties and functions. The nanotechnology revolution has sparked radically new technologies and strategies across all scientific disciplines, with nanotechnology now applied to virtually every area of research and development in the US and globally. NanoFlorida was founded to create a forum for scientific exchange, promote networking among nanoscientists, encourage collaborative research efforts across institutions, forge strong industry-academia partnerships in nanoscience, and showcase the contributions of students and trainees in nanotechnology fields. The 2019 NanoFlorida International Conference expanded this vision to emphasize national and international participation, with a focus on advances made in translating nanotechnology. This review highlights notable research in the areas of engineering especially in optics, photonics and plasmonics and electronics; biomedical devices, nano-biotechnology, nanotherapeutics including both experimental nanotherapies and nanovaccines; nano-diagnostics and -theranostics; nano-enabled drug discovery platforms; tissue engineering, bioprinting, and environmental nanotechnology, as well as challenges and directions for future research.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
22q11.2 Microdeletion
Chromosomal 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) (ORPHA:567) caused by microdeletion in chromosome 22 is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder in humans. Despite the same change on the genome level like in case of monozygotic twins, phenotypes are expressed differently in 22q11.2 deletion individuals. The rest of the genome, as well as epigenome and environmental factors, are not without influence on the variability in phenotypes. The penetrance seems to be more genotype-specific than deleted locus-specific. The transcript levels of deleted genes are not usually reduced by 50% as assumed due to haploinsufficiency. 22q11.2DS is often undiagnosed condition, as each patient may have a different set out of 180 possible clinical manifestations. Diverse dysmorphic traits are present in patients from different ethnicities, which makes diagnosis even more difficult. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome serve as an example of genetic syndrome that is not easy to manage at all stages: diagnosis, consulting and dealing with.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Dietary Mitophagy Enhancer
Recently, nutritional interventions have received attention as promising approaches to promote human health during a lifespan. The Mediterranean and Okinawan diets have been associated with longevity and decreasing risk for age-related diseases in contrast to the Western diet. The effect might be due to several antioxidative bioactive compounds highly consumed in both diets, namely, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, curcumin, and spermidine. This review aims to address the underlying mechanisms of these compounds to enhance mental fitness throughout life with a focus on brain mitophagy. Mitophagy is the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional, redundant, and aged mitochondria. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitophagy is crucial to preserve the autophagy mechanism of the whole cell, especially during oxidative stress. Growing evidence indicates that curcumin, astaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and spermidine might exert protective functions via antioxidative properties and as well the enhanced induction of mitophagy mediators. The compounds seem to upregulate mitophagy and thereby alleviate the clearance of dysfunctional and aged mitochondria as well as mitogenesis. Thus, the Mediterranean or Okinawan diet could represent a feasible nutritional approach to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive impairment and corresponding disorders via the stimulation of mitophagy and thereby ensure a balanced redox state of brain cells.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Preventing Obesity among Adolescents
Some authors do understand that the concept of obesity must be a combination of at least BMI over the second standard deviation for age and gender, with some body composition evaluation, as waist/height relation, neck circumference or physical methods to analyse fat deposition (absorciometry or pletismography, and in more debatable concerns impedanciometer (tetrapolar ), skin folder measurements or summ of perimeters.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Remodeler Catalyzed Nucleosome Repositioning
The packaging of the eukaryotic genome into chromatin regulates the storage of genetic information, including the access of the cell's DNA metabolism machinery.  Indeed, since the processes of DNA replication, translation, and repair require access to the underlying DNA, several mechanisms, both active and passive, have evolved by which chromatin structure can be regulated and modified.  One mechanism relies upon the function of chromatin remodeling enzymes which couple the free energy obtained from the binding and hydrolysis of ATP to the mechanical work of repositioning and rearranging nucleosomes.  Here we review recent work on the nucleosome mobilization activity of this essential family of molecular machines.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Jan 2021
Topic Review
New COVID-19 Vaccinations
Vaccination can be, in fact, an efficient way to mitigate the devastating effect of the pandemic and offer protection to some vulnerable strata of the population (i.e., the elderly) and reduce the social and economic burden of the current crisis.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
BAZ1B the Protean Protein
The bromodomain adjacent to the zinc finger domain 1B (BAZ1B) or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) are just two of the names referring the same protein that is encoded by the WBSCR9 gene and is among the 26–28 genes that are lost from one copy of 7q11.23 in Williams syndrome (WS: OMIM 194050). Patients afflicted by this contiguous gene deletion disorder present with a range of symptoms including cardiovascular complications, developmental defects as well as a characteristic cognitive and behavioral profile. Studies in patients with atypical deletions and mouse models support BAZ1B hemizygosity as a contributing factor to some of the phenotypes. Focused analysis on BAZ1B has revealed this to be a versatile nuclear protein with a central role in chromatin remodeling through two distinct complexes as well as being involved in the replication and repair of DNA, transcriptional processes involving RNA Polymerases I, II, and III as well as possessing kinase activity. 
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Skin Cancer Detection Using Infrared Thermography
Infrared thermography technology has improved dramatically in recent years and is gaining renewed interest in the medical community for applications in skin tissue identification applications. However, there is still a need for an optimized measurement setup and protocol to obtain the most appropriate images for decision making and further processing. Nowadays, various cooling methods, measurement setups and cameras are used, but a general optimized cooling and measurement protocol has not been defined yet. It is possible to improve thermal images of skin lesions by choosing an appropriate cooling method, infrared camera and optimized measurement setup.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
New Glycosylated Polyene Macrolides
Polyene macrolides are antifungal agents that are synthesized by actinomycetes and other bacteria. These compounds consist of macrolactone rings containing between three and eight conjugated double bonds. Most are glycosylated with a single aminodeoxysugar and specifically bind ergosterol in fungal cell membranes.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jul 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 2728
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback