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Topic Review
Lipocalin-2
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which is a part of the lipocalin transport protein family, is a protein formally known for its role in iron transport and in inflammatory response.
  • 2.6K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Human-Centered Smart Homes Supporting Mental Health Aging-in-Place
Smart home technologies (SHTs) hold promises for supporting older adults by enabling early detection and intervention in mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. However, adoption remains limited due to usability, accessibility, and privacy concerns. Our findings reveal that interface complexity, cognitive overload, high costs, and privacy concerns are significant barriers to adoption. Accessibility challenges, including physical and sensory impairments, further reduce engagement and inclusivity. Key facilitators for user acceptance include user-centric design, personalization, participatory co-development, and cultural adaptations. SHTs incorporating AI-driven features, such as behavioral monitoring, medication reminders, and social engagement tools, demonstrate significant potential for early mental health interventions. Based on these findings, we propose a holistic framework integrating technical innovation with human-centered design to address these challenges and optimize SHTs for mental health care. 
  • 2.6K
  • 26 Jan 2025
Topic Review
Organoids and Aging
The biology of aging is focused on the identification of novel pathways that regulate the underlying processes of aging to develop interventions aimed at delaying the onset and progression of chronic diseases to extend lifespan. However, the research on the aging field has been conducted mainly in animal models, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and cell cultures. Thus, it is unclear to what extent this knowledge is transferable to humans since they might not reflect the complexity of aging in people. An organoid culture is an in vitro 3D cell-culture technology that reproduces the physiological and cellular composition of the tissues and/or organs. This technology is being used in the cancer field to predict the response of a patient-derived tumor to a certain drug or treatment serving as patient stratification and drug-guidance approaches. Modeling aging with patient-derived organoids has a tremendous potential as a preclinical model tool to discover new biomarkers of aging, to predict adverse outcomes during aging, and to design personalized approaches for the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes. This could represent a novel approach to study chronological and/or biological aging, paving the way to personalized interventions targeting the biology of aging.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Flavonoids in Skin Senescence Prevention
Skin aging is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells and is related to many pathological changes, including decreased protection against pathogens, increased susceptibility to irritation, delayed wound healing, and increased cancer susceptibility. Senescent cells secrete a specific set of pro-inflammatory mediators, referred to as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can cause profound changes in tissue structure and function. Thus, drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells (senolytics) or neutralize SASP (senostatics) represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for age-associated skin deterioration. There is growing evidence that plant-derived compounds (flavonoids) can slow down or even prevent aging-associated deterioration of skin appearance and function by targeting cellular pathways crucial for regulating cellular senescence and SASP. This review summarizes the senostatic and senolytic potential of flavonoids in the context of preventing skin aging.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Nano/Microrobots in Action for Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases
Nano/microrobots (NMRs) are tiny devices that can convert energy into motion and operate at nano/microscales.54 Especially in biomedical research, NMRs have received much attention over the past twenty years because of their excellent capabilities and great potential in various applications, including on-demand drug delivery, gene and cell transport, and precise microsurgery. Reports published in recent years show that synthetic nano/microrobots have promising potential to function in the gastrointestinal (GI) region, particularly in terms of drug delivery.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Relationship between Ferroptosis and Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which was first identified more than a century ago, has become a pandemic that exacts enormous social burden and economic tolls as no measure of combating devastated AD is currently available. Growing etiopathological, genetic, and biochemical data indicate that AD is a heterogeneous, polygenic, multifactorial, and complex disease. However, its exact etiopathology remains to be determined. Numerous experimental data show that cerebral iron and copper dyshomeostasis contribute to Aβ amyloidosis and tauopathy, two neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Increasing experimental evidence suggests ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and nonapoptotic form of cell death, may be involved in the neurodegenerative process in the AD brain. Thus, the anti-ferroptosis approach may be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for AD patients.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Lymphocytes' Count and Frailty
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a decrease in physiological reserve and reduced resistance to stress, as a result of an accumulation of multiple deficits in physiological systems. Frailty increases the vulnerability to adverse events and is associated with the aging process. Several studies show an association between frailty syndrome and altered blood lymphocyte levels in different clinical conditions, which is therefore potentially useful for monitoring interventions to improve or delay frailty at least in a subgroup of frail individuals. 
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Older Adults
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly prevalent in older adults, yet its management remains challenging. Treatment choices are made complex by the frailty burden of older patients, a high prevalence of comorbidities and body composition abnormalities (e.g., sarcopenia), the complexity of coronary anatomy, and the frequent presence of multivessel disease, as well as the coexistence of major ischemic and bleeding risk factors.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mechanism of Saponins in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer’s disease. 
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nuts and Older Adults’ Health
Although the beneficial effects of nuts on cardiometabolic diseases have been well established, little is known about the effects of nuts on age-related diseases. Given that age-related diseases share many biological pathways with cardiometabolic diseases, it is plausible that diets rich in nuts might be beneficial in ameliorating age-related conditions. Overall, the currently available evidence suggests that nut consumption, particularly when consumed as part of a healthy diet or over a prolonged period, is associated with positive outcomes such as longer telomere length, reduced risk of sarcopenia, and better cognition in older adults.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Nutritional Advice for Patients with Xerostomia
Xerostomia and hyposalivation are highly prevalent conditions in old age, particularly among multimorbid elders, and are often attributed to the use of multiple medications. These conditions negatively affect oral functions, such as chewing, swallowing, speech, and taste. Additionally, the lack of lubrication of the oral mucosa frequently leads to super-infections with candida.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Sarcopenia, Metabolic Repercussions, and Organokines
Sarcopenia is a disease that becomes more prevalent as the population ages, since it is directly linked to the process of senility, which courses with muscle atrophy and loss of muscle strength. Over time, sarcopenia is linked to obesity, being known as sarcopenic obesity, and leads to other metabolic changes. At the molecular level, organokines act on different tissues and can improve or harm sarcopenia. It all depends on their production process, which is associated with factors such as physical exercise, the aging process, and metabolic diseases. Because of the seriousness of these repercussions, herein, it is to conduct a review on the relationship between organokines, sarcopenia, diabetes, and other metabolic repercussions, as well the role of physical exercise.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Telehealth Geriatrics during COVID-19
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected older people disproportionately. Prior to the pandemic, some studies reported that telehealth was an efficient and effective form of health care delivery, particularly for older people. There has been increased use of telehealth and publication of new literature on this topic during the pandemic, so we conducted a scoping review and evidence synthesis for telehealth use in geriatric care to summarize learning from these new data.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Complement System in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia characterized by problems with short-term memory, cognition, and difficulties with activities of daily living. It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. The complement system is an ancient part of the innate immune system and comprises of more than thirty serum and membrane-bound proteins. This system has three different activating pathways and culminates into the formation of a membrane attack complex that ultimately causes target cell lysis (usually pathogens) The complement system is involved in several important functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that include neurogenesis, synaptic pruning, apoptosis, and neuronal plasticity.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging
Cognitive impairment and dementia are burgeoning public health concerns, especially given the increasing longevity of the global population. These conditions not only affect the quality of life of individuals and their families, but also pose significant economic burdens on healthcare systems. 
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Multi-Morbidity and Polypharmacy
Multi-morbidity and polypharmacy are common in older people and pose a challenge for health and social care systems, especially in the context of global population ageing. They are complex and interrelated concepts in the care of older people that require early detection and patient-centred shared decision making underpinned by multi-disciplinary team-led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) across all health and social care settings. Personalised care plans need to remain responsive and adaptable to the needs and wishes of the patient, enabling the individual to maintain their independence.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Waste Clearance in the Brain and Neuroinflammation
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease with a heterogeneous etiology. The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are necessary for disease progression. Many clinical trials on disease-modifying drugs for AD have failed to indicate their clinical benefits. Recent advances in fundamental research have indicated that neuroinflammation plays an important pathological role in AD. Damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the brain induce neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation, causing caspase-1-dependent glial and neuronal cell death. These waste products in the brain are eliminated by the glymphatic system via perivascular spaces, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Age-related vascular dysfunction is associated with an impairment of clearance and barrier functions, leading to neuroinflammation. The proteins involved in waste clearance in the brain and peripheral circulation may be potential biomarkers and drug targets in the early stages of cognitive impairment.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health in Older Adults
Diet, nutrition, and oral health are closely linked. Malnutrition is a challenging health concern in older adults that is associated with physical decline affecting their daily activities and quality of life.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient’s quality of life.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jul 2021
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