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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Tackling Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases (IDs) are a leading cause of death. The diversity and adaptability of microbes represent a continuing risk to health.
  • 145
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Influence of Alcohol on Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Alcohol, a key part of human culture since ancient times, has various uses ranging from beverages to antiseptics and fuels. Different types of alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer, being the oldest and probably the most widely used drugs, were known for their therapeutic value in addition to the vital part they played in the daily life of people in ancient times. A standard alcohol unit, used to measure drinking consistently, varies globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that a standard drink contains 10 g of pure ethanol per day, though this varies (8–20 g) across countries.
  • 134
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dairy Cow Health and Methane Emissions
The dairy industry is facing criticism for its role in exacerbating global GHG emissions, as climate change becomes an increasingly pressing issue. These emissions mostly originate from methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). An optimal strategy involves the creation of an economical monitoring device to evaluate methane emissions from dairy animals.
  • 109
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Somatostatin in Colorectal Cancer
Somatostatin, a somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SST, SRIF), is a widely distributed multifunctional cyclic peptide and acts through a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (SST1-SST5). Over the past decades, research has begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of this hormonal peptide.
  • 183
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ultrasound Image Analysis with Vision Transformers
Ultrasound (US) has become a widely used imaging modality in clinical practice, characterized by its rapidly evolving technology, advantages, and unique challenges, such as a low imaging quality and high variability. There is a need to develop advanced automatic US image analysis methods to enhance its diagnostic accuracy and objectivity. Vision transformers, a recent innovation in machine learning, have demonstrated significant potential in various research fields, including general image analysis and computer vision, due to their capacity to process large datasets and learn complex patterns. Their suitability for automatic US image analysis tasks, such as classification, detection, and segmentation, has been recognized. 
  • 181
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Post-Traumatic Trigeminal Neuropathy
Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain that may develop following injury to the trigeminal nerve. Etiologies include cranio-orofacial trauma that may result from dental, surgical, or anesthetic procedures or physical trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident. Following nerve injury, there are various mechanisms, including peripheral and central, as well as phenotypic changes and genetic predispositions that may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain.
  • 101
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activities of Mentha spp. Essential Oils
Plant essential oils (EOs) are produced predominantly using steam distillation, but can also be generated using fermentation, crushing, extraction, hydrolysis, and airing. EOs are used extensively in cosmetics in many different aspects as perfumes, in antiseptic applications, and in domestic cleaning products. The essential oils of Mentha (the Lamiaceae family) have been extensively studied for their biological actions.
  • 128
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sodium Toxicity and Immune Response in COVID-19
High dietary sodium intake leading to sodium toxicity is associated with comorbid conditions of COVID-19 such as hypertension, kidney disease, stroke, pneumonia, obesity, diabetes, hepatic disease, cardiac arrhythmias, thrombosis, migraine, tinnitus, Bell’s palsy, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • 96
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Breakthrough Knowledge Synthesis in the Age of Google
Using today’s web-based interactive tools such as Google’s ubiquitous search engine and online databases, students, educators, practitioners, research scientists and inventors have an unprecedented opportunity to discover breakthrough knowledge by synthesizing current and prior knowledge available online
  • 140
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dysregulated Phosphate Metabolism, Periodontal Disease, and Cancer
Phosphate, an essential dietary micronutrient, is dysregulated in chronic kidney disease, and both cancer and periodontal disease are associated with chronic kidney disease. Reviewed evidence includes the association between phosphate toxicity and cancer development, and the association between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder includes conditions such as ectopic calcification and bone resorption, which may be indirectly related to periodontal disease. Dental calculus in periodontal disease contains calcium phosphate crystals that are deposited from excess calcium and phosphate in saliva. Alveolar bone resorption may be linked systemically to release of parathyroid hormone in response to hypocalcemia induced by hyperphosphatemia. 
  • 178
  • 13 Mar 2024
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