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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Crop-Based Materials in the Built Environment
The use of bio-based building materials as an alternative to replacing concrete or insulation materials is called to become a growing trend in the construction industry.
  • 306
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cross-Laminated Timber in Finland
Although cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction, driven by only a few domestic manufacturers, is relatively new in Finland, sustainability concerns may increase interest in renewable materials, and therefore, CLT may be more accepted in the Finnish construction market. Additionally, active communication about successful projects and new applications can open new avenues for CLT to gain popularity in the Finnish construction market.
  • 343
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Cross-Layer Methods for Ad Hoc Networks
The Open systems interconnection (OSI)model used to be a common network model for years. In the case of ad hoc networks with dynamic topology and difficult radio communications conditions, gradual departure is happening from the classical kind of OSI network model with a clear delineation of layers (physical, channel, network, transport, application) to the cross-layer approach. The layers of the network model in ad hoc networks strongly influence each other. Thus, the cross-layer approach can improve the performance of an ad hoc network by jointly developing protocols using interaction and collaborative optimization of multiple layers. The existing cross-layer methods classification is too complicated because it is based on the whole manifold of network model layer combinations, regardless of their importance.
  • 249
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Crowd Sensing
Crowd sensing (also known as participatory sensing, or mobile crowdsensing) is a means of collecting people’s surrounding information via mobile sensing devices. Its highly expressive and powerful sensing capabilities can carry out a big sensing project by fragmenting tasks into small pieces. The key to success is to get more participants to collect higher quality data. 
  • 4.9K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Crowdsourcing Update Methods for High-Definition Maps
High-definition (HD) maps serve as crucial infrastructure for autonomous driving technology, facilitating vehicles in positioning, environmental perception, and motion planning without being affected by weather changes or sensor-visibility limitations.
  • 584
  • 01 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Crown Colony-Class Cruiser
The Crown Colony-class cruisers were a class of light cruisers of the Royal Navy named after Crown Colony of the British Empire. The first eight are known as the Fiji class, while the last three to be built are commonly referred to as the Ceylon class and were built to a slightly modified design.
  • 698
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Crucial Technologies of Digital Thread Implementation
The digital thread is identified as an integrated information flow using recognized authoritative data sources (e.g., requirements, system architecture, technical data packages (TDP), 3D CAD models) connecting all stages of the product lifecycle. The objective of the digital thread is to establish an integrated framework that consolidates all stages of the product lifecycle and systems, facilitating efficient and effective lifecycle measurements and supporting a data-driven approach.
  • 303
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Crude Glycerol Upgrading
Crude glycerol is the main byproduct of biodiesel manufacturing from oleaginous crops and other biomass-derived oils. Approximately 10% crude glycerol is produced with every batch of biodiesel. Worldwide, there is a glut of glycerol and the price of it has decreased considerably. There are real opportunities for valorizing crude glycerol into higher value-added chemicals which can improve the economic viability of biodiesel production as an alternative fuel. Exploring new potential applications of glycerol in various sectors is needed such as in pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, cosmetics, and as a transportation fuel.
  • 747
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Crumb Rubber
The crumb rubber (CR) recycled from waste tyres could be a viable alternative in achieving green pavements that offer exciting new markets to global investors. Adding CR into flexible pavements enhances their performance and ensures environmental sustainability.
  • 634
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process
The cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) process is a promising post-combustion CO2 removal method. This method is very novel compared with conventional and well-developed methods. However, cryogenic carbon capture is not yet commercially available despite its techno-economic benefits. Thus, a model-based design approach for this process can provide valuable information. 
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Mar 2023
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