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Topic Review
TiO2-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment
The high separation efficiencies, relative low costs, small footprint, and ease of operation associated with integrated photocatalytic-membrane (IPM) technologies are gaining an all-inclusive attention. Conversely, photocatalysis and membrane technologies face some degree of setbacks, which limit their worldwide application in wastewater settings for the treatment of emerging contaminants.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
All-Liquid Metal Battery
A secondary battery (accumulator) employing molten metals or molten metal alloys as active masses at both electrodes and a molten salt as electrolyte in between is called an all-liquid-metal accumulator battery (LMB). Separation of the electrodes and the liquid electrolyte based on segregation caused by different densities and immiscibility of the materials is a characteristic feature. High coulometric storage capabilities of the molten-metal electrodes combined with the relatively low cell voltage and the high stability of the system and the operational principle yield a secondary battery suitable for grid applications and, in particular, for power-quality management and large-scale stationary storage. 
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Integrating VR/AR with Haptics into STEM Education
Some concepts may be too difficult too understand in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields using the traditional pedagogies, namely addressing the relevant topics in lectures and tutorials. Haptic feedback, also known as haptics, is the use of the sense of touch in a human–computer interface. A variety of possible applications are made possible by the use of haptics, including the possibility of expanding the abilities of humans: increasing physical strength, improving manual dexterity, augmenting the senses, and most fascinating, projecting human users into remote or virtual environments.  
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Smart Street Light Control
A smart streetlight (SSL) is defined as a LED-equipped lighting system that can monitor and control lighting based on environmental conditions. It is part of a network-based system, capable of sending and receiving data, and features sensors and actuators for various functions like traffic and light sensing, environmental monitoring, and more.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
PAH in Plastic Waste
PAHs are a group of organic compounds made up of simple aromatic rings that have joined together and do not contain heteroatoms or carry any substituents. PAHs are found in oil, coal and tar deposits and also as products of the use of fuels (either fossils or biomass).
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Holography
The principle of magnetic holograms and its application to holographic memory are reviewed. A magnetic hologram was recorded through a thermomagnetic recording as a difference in magnetization direction and reconstructed with the magneto-optical effect. To achieve a bright reconstruction image, it is important to record deep magnetic fringes on the materials with large Faraday rotation coefficients. This technique was applied to the holographic memory using transparent magnetic garnets as a recording material. The first reconstruction image was dark and noisy, but improvements in the recording conditions resulted in error-free recording and reconstruction of the magnetic hologram. To form deep magnetic fringes, insertion of heat dissipation (HD) layers into recording layer was proposed. It was found that this HD multilayer medium showed diffraction efficiency higher than that of a single layer medium, and error-free recording and reconstruction were also achieved, using magnetic assisted recording. These results suggest that HD multilayer media have potential applications in recording media of magnetic holographic data storage. In future, a high recording density technique, such as multiple recording, should be developed.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nanogenerators for Green Energy Harvesting
Natural sources of green energy include sunshine, water, biomass, geothermal heat, and wind. These energies are alternate forms of electrical energy that do not rely on fossil fuels. Green energy is environmentally benign, as it avoids the generation of greenhouse gases and pollutants. Various systems and equipment have been utilized to gather natural energy. Nanogenerators have recently emerged as an alterna- tive technique for collecting energy from both natural and artificial sources, with significant benefits such as light weight, low-cost production, simple operation, easy signal processing, and low-cost materials.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Pendulum-based Environmental Mechanical Energy Harvesters
Energy harvesting systems based on the pendulum structures have been widely used in the low-frequency environmental energy collection applications in recent years. In this study, the research progresses of the pendulum energy harvesting structures are described in detail and summarized. The energy harvesting structures are classified according to pendulum types and different energy conversion mechanisms. The improved techniques and design schemes adopted in the relevant research are also summarized.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Boeing 787 Dreamliner Battery Problems
In 2013, the second year of service for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a widebody jet airliner and several aircraft suffered from electrical system problems stemming from its lithium-ion batteries. Incidents included an electrical fire aboard an All Nippon Airways 787 and a similar fire found by maintenance workers on a parked Japan Airlines 787 at Boston's Logan International Airport. The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered a review into the design and manufacture of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, followed by a full grounding of the entire Boeing 787 fleet, the first such grounding since that of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1979. The plane has had two major battery thermal runaway events in 52,000 flight hours, which was substantially less than the 10 million flight hours predicted by Boeing, neither of which were contained safely. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) released a report on December 1, 2014, and assigned blame to several groups:
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Robust Speed Control Techniques
The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a highly efficient energy saving machine. Due to its simple structural characteristics, good heat radiation capability, and high efficiency, PMSMs are gradually replacing AC induction motors in many industrial applications. The PMSM has a nonlinear system and lies on parameters that differ over time with complex high-class dynamics. To achieve the excessive performance operation of a PMSM, it essentially needs a speed controller for providing accurate speed tracking, slight overshoot, and robust disturbance repulsion. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Mar 2022
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