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Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
The skin harbors a huge number of different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, and it acts as a protective shield to prevent the invasion of pathogens and to maintain the health of the commensal microbiota. Several studies, in fact, have shown the importance of the skin microbiota for healthy skin. This balance can be altered by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading to the development of skin disease, such as acne vulgaris (AV), atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea (RS).
  • 631
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergy
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus, eczematous lesions, and relapsing course. It presents with great clinical heterogeneity, while underlying pathogenetic mechanisms involve a complex interplay between a dysfunctional skin barrier, immune dysregulation, microbiome dysbiosis, genetic and environmental factors. All these interactions are shaping the landscape of AD endotypes and phenotypes. In the “era of allergy epidemic”, the role of food allergy (FA) in the prevention and management of AD is a recently explored area.
  • 450
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent condition in Latin America that can have a substantial impact on quality of life. Diagnosing AD is challenging due to broad clinical features and lack of universal diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, lack of physician training, barriers to access, and socioeconomic inequalities hinder effective disease management. Ethnoracial disparities in AD need to be addressed, as they may impact not only in the diagnosis, but also in severity scores which are relevant parameters for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents. 
  • 241
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis—Beyond the Skin
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can arise during the first months of life or at maturity and have a significant negative impact on the quality of life. The main pathogenic mechanism is the breakdown of cutaneous barrier integrity, which is associated with systemic inflammatory immunologic disorders. Atopic dermatitis involves numerous immunologic, allergic, respiratory, and ophthalmologic comorbidities that develop through similar intricate pathogenic phenomena.
  • 493
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Augmented and Virtual Reality in Dermatology
Augmented reality (AR) is a component of virtual reality (VR) or virtual environments (VE) where the user is completely immersed into a synthetic environment. While in VR, the user does not see the real world. Instead, AR allows us to superimpose virtual objects onto real ones. The number of AR/VR applications has undeniably exploded over the last decades. While both techniques have been extensively used in various medical fields, such as in plastic surgery, little investigation has been performed so far in dermatology.
  • 619
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Basic Factors Involved in Etiopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is predominantly characterized by eczema, dry skin, and itching. These symptoms are age-dependent and often associated with other atopic diseases (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies). 
  • 229
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care
Honey, propolis, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, beeswax and bee venom are natural products which have been used in medicine since ancient times. Studies indicate that natural bee products can be used for skin treatment and care. Biological properties of these products are related to flavonoids they contain like: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, galangin, pinocembrin or naringenin. Several pharmacological activities of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and also 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which is present in royal jelly, have been reported. Royal jelly has multitude of pharmacological activities: antibiotic, antiinflammatory, antiallergenic, tonic and antiaging. Honey, propolis and pollen are used to heal burn wounds, and they possess numerous functional properties such as: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral. 
  • 899
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Bioelectrical Factors in Skin Would Healing
The skin demonstrates complicated electrical characteristics that involve physiological and physical components in terms of its physical and chemical condition. The electrical features of the skin are of significant importance in bioengineering applications in wound healing given that physical attributes such as impedance and conductance reflect the composition of the skin. Electrical aspects of skin are broadening the spectrum of applications of the technologies for assessing and evaluating skin barrier integrity and the wound-healing process.
  • 323
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioengineered Skin Substitutes
This review presents the common commercially available skin substitutes and their clinical use. Moreover, the choice of an appropriate hydrogel type to prepare cell-laden skin substitutes is discussed. Additionally, we present recent advances in the field of bioengineered human skin substitutes using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques. Finally, we discuss different skin substitute developments to meet different criteria for optimal wound healing.
  • 524
  • 14 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly heterogeneous inflammatory disease regarding both its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. However, it is treated according to the “one-size-fits-all” approach, which may restrict response to treatment. Thus, there is an unmet need for the stratification of patients with AD into distinct endotypes and clinical phenotypes based on biomarkers that will contribute to the development of precision medicine in AD. The development of reliable biomarkers that may distinguish which patients with AD are most likely to benefit from specific targeted therapies is a complex procedure and to date none of the identified candidate biomarkers for AD has been validated for use in routine clinical practice. Reliable biomarkers in AD are expected to improve diagnosis, evaluate disease severity, predict the course of disease, the development of comorbidities, or the therapeutic response, resulting in effective and personalized treatment of AD. 
  • 466
  • 25 Aug 2022
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