Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1
Anna Kurek-Górecka
 -- 3279 2022-07-21 15:41:16 |
2 format change
Peter Tang
 -1 word(s) 3278 2022-07-22 03:11:02 |

Video Upload Options

Do you have a full video?
Send video materials Upload full video

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Kurek-Górecka, A.;  Górecki, M.;  Rzepecka-Stojko, A.;  Balwierz, R.;  Stojko, J. Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/25400 (accessed on 19 May 2024).
Kurek-Górecka A,  Górecki M,  Rzepecka-Stojko A,  Balwierz R,  Stojko J. Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/25400. Accessed May 19, 2024.
Kurek-Górecka, Anna, Michał Górecki, Anna Rzepecka-Stojko, Radosław Balwierz, Jerzy Stojko. "Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/25400 (accessed May 19, 2024).
Kurek-Górecka, A.,  Górecki, M.,  Rzepecka-Stojko, A.,  Balwierz, R., & Stojko, J. (2022, July 21). Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/25400
Kurek-Górecka, Anna, et al. "Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care." Encyclopedia. Web. 21 July, 2022.
Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/molecules25030556

Honey, propolis, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, beeswax and bee venom are natural products which have been used in medicine since ancient times. Studies indicate that natural bee products can be used for skin treatment and care. Biological properties of these products are related to flavonoids they contain like: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, galangin, pinocembrin or naringenin. Several pharmacological activities of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and also 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which is present in royal jelly, have been reported. Royal jelly has multitude of pharmacological activities: antibiotic, antiinflammatory, antiallergenic, tonic and antiaging. Honey, propolis and pollen are used to heal burn wounds, and they possess numerous functional properties such as: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral. 

bee products flavonoids phenolic acids skin care therapeutic properties

1. Introduction

Nowadays, alternative medicine, which employs natural biologically active substances obtained from bee products, is getting more and more attention. Bee products have been used not only in treatment, but also for skin care as ingredients of cosmetics. The effect of bee products on the skin has also been proved by numerous studies, and the use of honey, propolis, bee pollen and bee venom in wound healing highlights their curative value [1][2][3][4]. Each bee product possesses specific active substances which determine its use for various skin problems. Honey, propolis, bee pollen, bee bread, beeswax and bee venom are the bee products which are used for medicinal purposes and cosmetic production.

2. Selected Compounds of Bee Products

The chemical composition of bee products is quite diversified, and depends on the botanical composition, geographical origin, time of collection and environmental conditions [5][6][7]. However, each product made by bees has a specified composition and content of biologically active substances, which give specific properties to each bee product. The chemical composition determines the curative and properties of these products.

3. Bee Products as Raw Material for Medicines and Cosmetics Production

Honey in cosmetics is named “Honey” or “Mel” according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI), it is an emollient or humectant, and exhibits moisturizing properties. Some cosmetics contain derivatives of honey, defined in the INCI as “Mel Extract” with moisturizing properties, “Hydrogenated Honey” which is humectant, and antistatic “Hydroxypropyltrimonium Honey”. Hydroxypropyltrimonium honey is used in shampoos and hair conditioners. More often the concentration of honey in cosmetics is up to 10%. Higher concentrations (up to 70%) are obtained by dispersing in oils, gels or polymer entrapment [8].
Most frequently, propolis has a form of aqueous or ethanol extracts. According to the INCI nomenclature, in cosmetics it can be found under the following names: propolis and propolis extract. Ethanol extracts of propolis are most frequently used. To obtain them, propolis is extracted with 70% ethanol, and then the extract is concentrated in reduced pressure conditions [9]. An aqueous extract of propolis is used in antifungal cosmetics, while propolis dissolved in fats is used to produce lipsticks.
Royal jelly can most frequently be found in cosmetics in a lyophilized form, and the higher percentage content of lyophilized royal jelly is, the less viscous cream becomes. However, royal jelly content does not affect emulsion stability. Preparations with a higher content of royal jelly are well absorbed, and do not leave greasy film. Creams with royal jelly have moisturizing properties especially in concentration of 0.5% and 1% [10].
In cosmetic manufacturing, bee pollen is used in a form of aqueous, lyophilized and lipid extracts. Active substances can be extracted with water, propylene glycols, glycerin and oils. Bee pollen extacts are used in cosmetic in concentrations 0.5–5% [11]. In natural cosmetics, dried grains of bee pollen—micronized and added to cosmetics—are also used.
Beeswax is used in cosmetics after honey has been removed from honeycombs, wax has been melted, and impurities have been separated. To do this, various types of wax extractors are used: solar, electric or steam ones. Yellow wax (Cera flava) or white wax (Cera alba) is used to produce cosmetics [12].
According to INCI, bee venom or apitoxin are defined as bee venom powder. It is yellow light powder obtained by collecting a large amount of bee venom by electric stunning with using a bee venom collector without harming the honey bee. Then bee venom has to be purified under strict laboratory conditions. In next step purified bee venom is diluted in water, centrifuged, lyophilized and refrigerated for use as cosmetic ingredient [13]. It is used as a cosmetic ingredients which possesses antiaging, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects. Bee venom is used to produce antiphotoaging and anti-acne products [13][14]. Bee venom is used in treatment psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and alopecia [15].

4. The Effect of Bee Products on the Skin

4.1. Honey

Honey is used in medicine including due to its antimicrobial effect, which results from the following factors: hydrogen peroxide, high osmotic pressure, high acidity, the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and lysozyme [16]. Honey inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi by reducing their development on the skin surface. Honey is particularly suitable as a dressing for wounds and burns, and has also been included in treatments against pityriasis, tinea, seborrhea, dandruff, diaper dermatitis, psoriasis, hemorrhoids, and anal fissure [8]. Pinocembrin and lysozyme are responsible for antifungal properties. Lysozyme inhibits growth of yeast-like fungi [17]. The effect of honey on healing postsurgical wounds was documented [1]. Among 52 patients incisions on skin were covered with honey dressing. The aesthetic outcome after third and six months was rated. The width of the scars was smaller in compare to conventional dressing. After 5-day application of honey dressing, an analgesic effect was obtained and wound healing was accelerated in women after plastic surgeries. Honey induced extracellular Ca2+ entry results in wound healing. It is similar to role plays by Ca2+ signaling in tissue regeneration [18]. Moreover honey regulates the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it has a positive impact on wound healing. The effect on EMT depends on the floral and origin of the honey [19]. Honey is the apitherapeutic agent in topical wounds treatment due to killing bacteria, ability to bacterial biofilm penetration, lowing wounds pH, Reducing pain and inflammation, promoting fibroblast migration and keratinocyte closure, promoting collagen deposition so honey has a potential role in the area of tissue engineering and regeneration. Honey should be considered to incorporate it to the biomaterial tissue templates for tissue regeneration. Honey was used in electrospun templates, cryogels or hydrogels [20]. The main problem of use honey in tissue engineering are: cytotoxicity of high concentrations of honey, the lack of prolonged release rates of the honey over time. So future research should focus on these aspects. Among different types of honey, a strong antibacterial effect was observed in manuka honey which contains larger amount of methylglyoxal than European honeys [21]. The antibiotic activity of manuka honey is estimated by Unique Manuka Factor (UMF) and methylglyoxal (MGO) markers [17]. Due to an increased content of glucose oxidase, a higher level of hydrogen peroxide than in European honeys can be observed [22]. Hydrogen peroxide is responsible for produce free radicals, which cause oxidative damage to bacterial cell walls. The antimicrobial effect of honey from New Zealand is also evident in undiluted honeys and it is not abolished by catalases, which differentiates manuka honey from other types of honey. This type of honey is used in the treatment of various wounds, including burns. The inhibition value against Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P of manuka honey in dilutions from 1:2 to 1:128 is determined in the range of 2.0–4.5 [21]. Manuka honey is used in medicine to heal burns, ulcers and wounds difficult to heal, and brings satisfactory results. Manuka honey also soothes gum inflammation, and inhibits the formation of dental plaque, fights thrush, and prevents periodontitis [23]. Another variety of honey with antibacterial activity is Revamil from The Netherlands. The antibiotic factor in Revamil is the peptide defensin-1 [17]. Bee defensin-1 permeabilizes bacteria and inhibits their RNA, DNA and protein synthesis [20]. However in other varieties of honey also the phenolic compounds are responsible for antibacterial effect.

4.2. Propolis

Propolis is widely used in medicine. Thanks to its antiseptic properties it is used in dermatology to treat staphylococcal, streptococcal and fungal infections. Purulent skin infections, hidradenitis, intertrigo, cheilosis, and thrush, among other things, are treated with propolis. As reported the Propol T, which is a propolis preparation, is highly effective in treatment of skin burns [24]. There are comparable therapeutic effects when propolis and sulfathiazole are used, however, bee glue is safer, and has fewer adverse effects. Propolis is not only antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory but also it increases cicatrization and reduces pain. Chrysin, which is a flavonoid, provides an analgesic effect. Propolis used to treat burn wounds in pigs increased fibrolast proliferation, activation and growth capacity. Propolis stimulates glycosaminoglycan accumulation what is needed for granulation, tissue growth and wound closure. Propolis as apitherapeutic agent is more effectively than silver sulfadiazine. Accumulation of collagen type I in matrix of an injury stimulates the repair process because collagen type I is indispensable for the keratinocyte migration and reepithelization. Moreover, propolis increased accumulation of collagen type III what accelerates healthy process. The usage of propolis ointment to treat burns as a topical apitherapeutic product could contribute to reepithelization [3]. Topically applied propolis decreased persistent inflammatory in diabetic wounds by normalizing neutrophil and neutrophil elastase. Caffeic acid is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of propolis [25]. Genistein from propolis accelerated wound healing and stimulated wound angiogenesis in mice with diabetes type-1 [26]. Furthermore propolis may be effective in healing in different animal models including animals with burns and diabetic wounds [3][25][26]. Moreover propolis is highly effective in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. Researchers confirmed the limitation of occurrence of Cutibacterium acnes, i.e., a bacterium which plays a key role in acne vulgaris pathogenesis, after ethanol extract of propolis was applied to the skin [27]. The ethanol extract of propolis inhibits also Staphylococcus epidermidis. Propolis is used to manufacture cosmetics for the skin with acne, and to produce drugs against bacterial and fungal infections [28]. Propolis in the concentration of 5–20% has regenerative, repair effects and protects against external factors. It can be used to produce anti-bedsores preparations, since it firms the dermal tissue and protects it against pathogenic microbes [29]. Propolis protects also from ultraviolet radiation, since it can absorb UV light due to the presence of caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Propolis is a good additive to sun blockers (creams, lotions, sticks, and lipsticks) due to its properties of a natural filter, as well as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects [30]. Other researchers showed that Romanian propolis had photoprotective effects against UVB after topical application to 30 Swiss mice [31]. Propolis is also used to produce protective lipsticks. It is regenerative and antiviral in cold sores caused by herpex simplex virus. Flavones and flavonols from propolis, especially galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, have a high antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro [32]. Nolkemper et al. observed that both, aqueous and ethanol extracts of propolis were strongly antiviral against herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) [33]. Skin care with products based on propolis is helpful against fungal problems of the skin due to the presence of flavonoids (pinocembrin and pinobanksin), phenolic acids (caffeic acid) and terpenes [29]. Pinocembrin isolated from propolis inhibits the mycelial growth of Penicillium italicum by interfering energy homeostasis and cell membrane damage of the pathogen [34]. Shampoos with bee glue can be a natural alternative in treatment of dandruff and prevention of its recurrence due to its antifungal and anti-seborrheic properties. Propolis has also been used for manufacturing toothpastes. Bee glue inhibits the formation of dental plaque and is antimicrobial, thereby it reduces dental caries development. Propolis ethanol extracts inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, which include mainly Staphylococcus mutant and Staphylococcus sobrinus. Glucosyltransferase makes bacteria produce glucan they feed on, which is insoluble in water. Propolis eliminates cariogenic bacteria, inhibits the activity of glucosyltransferase, and reduces adherent abilities of bacteria [35].

4.3. Royal Jelly

Royal jelly has a broad spectrum of biological activities which determine the effect of royal jelly on the skin, namely, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, toning, moisturizing, and antiaging [36]. Royal jelly is a bee product with strong antimicrobial activity within skin tissue, which is already evident in 20% concentration. Due to its anti-inflammatory activity, royal jelly relieves periodontal diseases, inflammation of the oral cavity, tongue and throat. Anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing results from its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1). Royal jelly has a protective effect on blood vessels and relieves hemorrhoids, and varicose veins of the lower extremities. It is used to treat lichen, ulcers, burns, bed sores, shingles, in all cases where the regeneration of epidermis is expected, wound epithelialization, nutritional effect, healing and antimicrobial activity. The effect of 5% royal jelly on ulcers on the diabetic foot has been studied. The treatment lasted 3 months and involved dressing the wound with 5% sterile royal jelly 3 times a week. Among eight treated ulcers, seven were cured, and in one case an improvement was observed [37]. Royal jelly promotes wound reepithelization. The keratinocytes are responsible for the elevated production of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) after incubation with a water extract of royal jelly. After applying water extract of royal jelly increased keratinocyte migration and wound closure rates. The component of royal jelly responsible for stimulating MMP-9 production is defensin-1. Moreover defensin-1 promotes reepithelization and wound closure. Similarly as in honey, defensin-1 is responsible for cutaneous wound closure by enhancing keratinocyte and MMP-9 secretion [38]. Royal jelly is effective in the treatment of wounds, and is successfully used in cosmetics for problem skin care. Royal jelly is an ingredient of preparations normalizing sebum secretion, for seborrheic skin, acne-prone skin where frequently skin lesions and small wounds occur [39]. Due to stimulating metabolism in tissues, royal jelly improves regenerative processes of tissues. Regenerative, nutritional and healing properties are used in balms, creams, and lotions. Immunomodulatory and antiallergenic activities of royal jelly are related to the properties of fatty acids, isolated from it. Both, 10HDA and 3-10-dihydroxydecanoic acid modulate immune response and lower the concentration of IL-2 and IL-10. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of royal jelly were used to treat atopic dermatitis, hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis and epidermis and dermis inflammation, possibly through a blend of TNF-specific low adjustment of IFN-gamma specific production and high adjustment of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) expression [40]. 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which is present in royal jelly, stimulates fibroblast production of collagen by inducting the production of transforming growth factor. As a result, royal jelly affects the production of collagen, which is an important factor that supports the skin [41]. Royal jelly is highly moisturizing, and affects hydration of the stratum corneum by retaining water in it. In consequence, the skin become more elastic and better moisturized [10].

4.4. Bee Pollen

Bee pollen, another bee product, can also affect the skin. Bee pollen is a potent antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating agent, and it also facilitates the granulation process of burn healing [42]. Pollen ethanol extract is antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and has an antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Flavonoids and phenolic acids provide antifungal and antibacterial properties of bee pollen. Anti-inflammatory activity of bee pollen is due to inhibiting the activity of enzymes participating in the development of inflammation, i.e., cyclooxygenase II and lipoxygenase. Phenolic acids, fatty acids and phytosterols are responsible for anti-inflammatory characteristics. Additionally, kaempferol inhibits hyaluronidase and elastase, which suppresses inflammatory response. Besides, topical application of ointment with pollen extract to treat burns has been studied, since bee pollen can regenerate damaged tissues [2].

4.5. Beeswax

When compared to other bee products, beeswax has the smallest range of biological activities. Kędzia [12] wrote that beeswax was added to ointments, liniments and creams used in treatment of various dermatoses, e.g., boils, wounds, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, diaper dermatitis caused by Candida albicans. Beeswax is mainly used as an emulsifying agent. In cosmetics, beeswax is used as a stiffener, a substance providing elasticity, plasticity and increasing skin adhesiveness. Beeswax is the base for lipsticks, sticks and creams [43]. Beeswax has lubricating, softening activities and reduces transepidermal water loss from skin. Sterols, which are also components of intercellular space, provide these characteristics of beeswax. Squalene, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid and flavonoids (chrysin) provide antiseptic properties to this product, and protect the skin against pathogenic microorganisms. Beeswax constitutes a protective barrier against many external factors by forming a film on the skin surface. β-carotene present in beeswax is a valuable source of vitamin A, into which it is converted. Vitamin A delays collagen degradation, stimulates mitotic division in the epidermis, thus leads to sooner regeneration of the skin after damage [12][44].

4.6. Bee Venom

Bee venom has been used in medicine in treatment but also as a cosmetic ingredient. Bee venom has a wide spectrum of biological activity. It exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects so it can be used as a ingredient of anti-acne products. Bee venom shows inhibitory effects on Cutibacterium acnes. Cutibacterium acnes is the main factor inducing the inflammation in acne. An et al. [45] showed that topical application bee venom on mice skin, which previous obtained intradermally injected Cutibacterium acnes into ears, limited number of inflammatory cells and also reduced level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin IL-1β. Moreover, bee venom inhibited Toll like receptor (TLR2) and CD14 expression in tissue which has been injected C. acnes. These results indicate that bee venom can be used as anti-acne agent. Another researchers [46] also showed positive effects of cosmetics containing bee venom on acne vulgaris. Purified bee venom reduced number of C. acnes at concentration of 0.5 mg. Bee venom possesses bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects thanks to melittin [47]. It has a significant antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus pyrogenes [15][48]. Melittin is a toxic peptide that causes destruction of the bacterial cell wall [47]. Bee venom can be used in fungi and viral skin infections. The antifungal effect of bee venom against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur was proved [49][50][51]. Antiviral effect of bee venom on herpes simplex virus has been studied. Bee venom suppressed the replication this virus [52]. Moreover bee venom is a potential inhibitor of 5 α-reductase, which is responsible for converse testosterone into dihydrotestosterone and plays important role as hair growth promoter, what was confirmed in study on alopecia. Bee venom in different concentrations 0.001%, 0.005% and 0.01% was applied in compare 2% minoxidil. Researchers showed that bee venom promoted hair growth and inhibited transition from the anagen to catagen phase. Additionally bee venom inhibited the expression of SRD5A2 which encodes a 5-α-reductase [53]. Bee venom can play role as a new therapy in localized plaque psoriasis. Intradermal bee venom and intradermal bee venom combined with oral propolis constitute effective treatment of localized plaque psoriasis. Bee venom reduces level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Bee venom contains melittin, which blocks the expression of inflammatory genes. Additionally bee venom inhibits the COX-2 expression, so decrease production of prostaglandins which take part in inflammatory process [54]. Bee venom compounds possess various, sometime opposing immune-related effects. Some components of bee venom like apamin, histamine, mast cell degranulating (MCD) peptide and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) increase inflammatory response, while polypeptide adolapin inhibits prostaglandins synthesis and inhibit the activity of bee venom PLA2 and human lipoxygenase [55]. Anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom is used also in treatment atopic dermatitis. Patients who applied emollient with bee venom had lower eczema area, severity index and visual analogue scale value than patients who applied emollient without bee venom [49]. The biological activities of bee venom have been used in wounds healing. The mechanism of wound healing is associated with expressions of TGF-β1, fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen-I. The research, which was conducted in mice showed decreasing of wound size and increasing epithelial proliferation. Topical use of bee venom is effective especially in reducing size of wounds in animal model [48]. The bee venom is using in wound dressing combined with polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. 4% bee venom in wound dressing in diabetic rats accelerated healing and limited inflammatory process [56].

References

  1. Goharshenasan, P.; Amini, S.; Atria, A.; Abtahi, H.; Khorasani, G. Topical application of honey on surgical wounds: A randomized clinical trial. Compl. Med. Res. 2016, 23, 12–15.
  2. Komosińska-Vassev, K.; Olczyk, P.; Kaźmierczak, J.; Mencner, L.; Olczyk, K. Bee pollen: Chemical composition and therapeutic application. Evid. Based Compl. Altern. Med. 2015, 2015.
  3. Olczyk, P.; Wisowski, G.; Komosińska-Vassev, K.; Stojko, J.; Klimek, K.; Olczyk, M.; Koźma, E.M. Propolis modifies collagen types I and III accumulation in the matrix of burnt tissue. Evid. Based Compl. Altern. Med. 2013, 2013.
  4. Hozzein, W.; Badr, G.; Al-Ghamdi, A.; Sayed, A.; Al-Waili, N.; Garraud, O. Topical application of propolis enhances cutaneous wound healing by promoting TGF-beta/smad-mediated collagen production in a streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic mouse model. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2015, 37, 940–954.
  5. Campos, M.G.; Bogdanov, S.; de Almeida-Muradian, L.B.; Szczesna, T.; Mancebo, Y.; Frigerio, C.; Ferreira, F. Pollen composition and standardisation of analytical methods. J. Apic. Res. 2008, 47, 156–161.
  6. Ciucure, C.T.; Geană, E.I. Phenolic compounds profile and biochemical properties of honeys in relationship to the honey floral sources. Phytochem. Anal. 2019, 30, 481–492.
  7. Ciulu, M.; Spano, N.; Pilo, M.I.; Sanna, G. Recent advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in unifloral honeys. Molecules 2016, 21, 451.
  8. Burlando, B.; Cornara, L. Honey in dermatology and skin care: A review. J. Cosm. Dermatol. 2013, 12, 306–313.
  9. Kurek-Górecka, A.M.; Sobczak, A.; Rzepecka-Stojko, A.; Górecki, M.T.; Wardas, M.; Pawłowska-Góral, K. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic fractions of Polish propolis. Z. Naturforsch. C 2012, 67, 545–550.
  10. Bocho-Janiszewska, A.; Sikora, A.; Rajewski, J.; Łobodzin, P. Application of royall jelly in moisturizing creams. Pol. J. Cosmetol. 2013, 16, 314–320.
  11. Basista, K.; Sodzawiczny, K. Bee pollen—A new natural material, possibilities of use in medicine and cosmetology. Gazeta Farmaceutyczna 2011, 12, 30–32.
  12. Kędzia, B.; Hołderna-Kędzia, E. The use of beeswax in medicine. Pasieka 2014, 3. Available online: https://pasieka24.pl/index.php/pl-pl/pasieka-czasopismo-dla-pszczelarzy/108-pasieka-3-2014/1319-wykorzystanie-wosku-pszczelego-w-lecznictwie (accessed on 12 July 2019).
  13. Han, S.M.; Hong, I.P.; Woo, S.O.; Kim, S.G.; Jang, H.R.; Park, K.K. Evaluation of the skin phototoxicity and photosensitivity of honeybee venom. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2017, 16, 68–75.
  14. Han, S.M.; Lee, G.G.; Park, K.K. Skin sensitization study of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) in guinea pigs. Toxicol. Res. 2012, 28, 1–4.
  15. Kim, H.; Park, S.-Y.; Lee, G. Potential therapeutic applications of bee venom on skin disease and its mechanisms: A literature review. Toxins 2019, 11, 374.
  16. Bogdanov, S. Nature and origin of the antibacterial substances in honey. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 1997, 30, 748–753.
  17. Kędzia, B.; Hołderna-Kędzia, E. Contemporary opinions on the mechanism of antimicrobial action of honey. Postep. Fitoter. 2017, 4, 290–297.
  18. Martinotti, S.; Laforenza, U.; Patrone, M.; Moccia, F.; Ranzato, E. Honey-Mediated Wound Healing: H2O2 Entry through AQP3 Determines Extracellular Ca2+ Influx. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 764.
  19. Nordin, A.; Sainik, N.Q.A.V.; Zulfarina, M.S.; Naina-Mohamed, I.; Saim, A.; Idrus, R.B.H. Honey epithelial to mesenchymal transition in wound healing: An evidence-based review. Wound Med. 2017, 18, 8–20.
  20. Minden-Birkenmaier, B.A.; Bowlin, G.L. Honey-based templates in wound healing and tissue engineering. Bioengineering 2018, 5, 46.
  21. Hołderna-Kędzia, E.; Ostrowski-Maissner, H.; Kędzia, B. Estimation of anibiotic activity of New Zeland manuka honey by the method of serial dilutions in liquid medium. Postep. Fitoter. 2008, 2, 70–75.
  22. Allen, K.L.; Molan, P.C.; Reid, G.M. A survey of the antibacterial activity of some New Zealand honeys. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1991, 43, 817–822.
  23. Marwicka, J.; Gałuszka, R.; Gałuszka, G.; Podolska, A.; Żurawski, Ł.; Niemyska, K. Analysis of bee honey properties and its use in dietetics and cosmetology. Kosmetologia Estetyczna 2014, 2, 107–110.
  24. Olczyk, P.; Komosińska-Vassev, K.; Winsz-Szczotka, K.; Stojko, J.; Klimek, K.; Gajewski, K.; Olczyk, K. The evaluation of chosen extracellular matrix enzymes activity during regeneration of experimental thermal injuries. Leczenie Ran 2014, 11, 97–101.
  25. Al-Waili, N.; Hozzein, W.N.; Badr, G.; Al-Ghamdi, H.; Al-Waili, H.; Salom, K.; Al-Waili, T. Propolis and bee venom in diabetic wounds; a potential approach that warrants clinical investigation. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2015, 12, 1–11.
  26. Tie, L.; An, Y.; Han, J.; Xiao, Y.; Xiaokaiti, Y.; Fan, S.; Liu, S.; Chen, A.F.; Li, X. Genistein accelerates refractory wound healing by suppressing superoxide and FoxO1/iNOS pathway in type 1 diabetes. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2013, 24, 88–96.
  27. Ali, B.M.M.; Ghoname, N.F.; Hodeib, A.A.; Elbadawy, M.A. Significance of topical propolis in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. Egypt J. Dermatol. Venerol. 2015, 35, 29–36.
  28. Bankova, V. Recent trends and important developments in propolis research. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2005, 2, 29–32.
  29. Sawicka, D.; Borawska, M.H. The use of propolis in skin diseases. Derm. Estet. 2013, 1, 13–17.
  30. Nisakorn, S. Natural products as photoprotection. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2015, 14, 47–63.
  31. Bolfa, P.; Vidrighinescu, R.; Petruta, A.; Dezmirean, D.; Stan, L.; Vlase, L.; Damian, G.; Catoi, C.; Filip, A.; Clichici, S. Photoprotective effects of Romanian propolis on skin of mice exposed to UVB irradiation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013, 62, 329–342.
  32. Amoros, M.; Simõs, C.M.O.; Girre, L.; Sauvager, F.; Cormier, M. Synergistic effect of flavones and flavonols against herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture. Comparison with the antiviral activity of propolis. J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 1732–1740.
  33. Nolkemper, S.; Reichling, J.; Sensch, K.H.; Schnitzler, P. Mechanism of herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression by propolis extracts. Phytomedicine 2010, 17, 132–138.
  34. Peng, L.; Yang, S.; Cheng, Y.J.; Chen, F.; Pan, S.; Fan, G. Antifungal activity and action mode of pinocembrin frompropolis against Penicillium italicum. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2012, 21, 1533–1539.
  35. Koo, H.; Rosalen, P.L.; Cury, J.A.; Park, Y.K.; Bowen, W.H. Effects of compounds found in propolis on Streptococcus mutans growth and on glucosyltransferase activity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2002, 46, 1302–1309.
  36. Pavel, C.I.; Mărghitaş, L.A.; Bobiş, O.; Dezmirean, D.S.; Şapcaliu, A.; Radoi, I.; Mădaş, M.N. Biological activities of royal jelly—Review. Sci. Pap. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 2011, 44, 108–118.
  37. Siavash, M.; Shokri, S.; Haghighi, S.; Mohammadi, M.; Shahtalebi, M.A.; Farajzadehgan, Z. The efficacy of topical royal jelly on diabetic foot ulcers healing: A case series. J. Res. Med. Sci. 2011, 16, 904–909.
  38. Bucekova, M.; Sojka, M.; Valachova, I.; Martinotti, S.; Ranzato, E.; Szep, Z.; Majtan, V.; Klaudiny, J.; Majtan, J. Bee-derived antibacterial peptide, defensin 1, promotes wound re-epithelialisation in vitro and in vivo. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 7340.
  39. Bartosiuk, E.; Borawska, M.H. Royall jelly—Application in cosmetics. Pol. J. Cosmetol. 2013, 16, 80–84.
  40. Taniguchi, Y.; Kohno, K.; Inoue, S.I.; Koya-Miyata, S.; Okamoto, I.; Arai, N.; Iwaki, K.; Ikeda, M.; Kurimoto, M. Oral administration of royal jelly inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Intern. Immunopharmacol. 2003, 3, 1313–1324.
  41. Sugiyama, T.; Takahashi, K.; Mori, H. Royal jelly acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, as a modulator of the innate immune responses. Endocr. Metabol. Immun. Disord.-Drug Targets 2012, 12, 368–376.
  42. Kroyer, G.; Hegedus, N. Evaluation of bioactive properties of pollen extracts as functional dietary food supplement. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2001, 2, 171–174.
  43. Kasparaviciene, G.; Savickas, A.; Kalveniene, Z.; Velziene, S.; Kubiliene, L.; Bernatoniene, J. Evaluation of beeswax influence on physical properties of lipstick using instrumental and sensory methods. Evid. Based Compl. Altern. Med. 2016.
  44. Buchwald, R.; Breed, M.D.; Bjostad, L.; Hibbard, B.E.; Greenberg, A.R. The role of fatty acids in the mechanical properties of beeswax. Apidologie 2009, 4, 585–594.
  45. An, H.J.; Lee, W.R.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, S.J.; Han, S.M.; Lee, K.G.; Lee, C.K.; Park, K.K. Inhibitory effects of bee venom on Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory skin disease in an animal model. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2014, 34, 1341–1348.
  46. Han, S.M.; Lee, K.G.; Pak, S.C. Effects of cosmetics conatining purified honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on acne vulgaris. J. Integr. Med. 2013, 11, 320–326.
  47. Pałgan, K.; Bartuzi, Z. Biological properties of bee venom. Alerg. Astma Immun. 2009, 14, 17–19.
  48. Han, S.M.; Lee, K.; Yeo, J.; Baek, H.; Park, K. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom against acne-inducing bacteria. J. Med. Plants Res. 2010, 4, 459–464.
  49. You, C.E.; Moon, S.H.; Lee, K.H.; Kim, K.H.; Park, C.W.; Seo, S.J.; Cho, S.H. Effects of emollient containing bee venom on atopic dermatitis: A double-blinded, randomized, base-controlled, multicenter study of 136 patients. Ann. Dermatol. 2016, 28, 593–599.
  50. Park, C.; Lee, D.G. Melittin induces apoptotic features in candida albicans. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2010, 394, 170–172.
  51. Prakash, S.; Bhargava, H. Apis cerana bee venom: It’s antidiabetic and anti-dandru activity against malassezia furfur. World Appl. Sci. J. 2014, 32, 343–348.
  52. Uddin, M.B.; Lee, B.H.; Nikapitiya, C.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, T.H.; Lee, H.C.; Kim, C.G.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, C.J. Inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo. J. Microbiol. 2016, 54, 853–866.
  53. Park, S.; Erdogan, S.; Hwang, D.; Hwang, S.; Han, E.H.; Lim, Y.H. Bee venom promotes hair growth in association with inhibiting 5α-reductase expression. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2016, 39, 1060–1068.
  54. Hegazi, A.G.; Abd Raboh, F.A.; Ramzy, N.E.; Shaaban, D.M.; Khader, D.Y. Bee venom and propolis as new treatment modality in patients with localized plaque psoriases. Int. Res. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2013, 1, 27–33.
  55. Tusiimire, J.; Wallace, J.; Woods, N.; Dufton, M.J.; Parkinson, J.A.; Abbott, G.; Clements, C.J.; Young, L.; Park, J.K.; Jeon, J.W.; et al. Effect of Bee Venom and Its Fractions on the Release of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in PMA-Differentiated U937 Cells Co-Stimulated with LPS. Vaccines 2016, 4, 11.
  56. Amin, M.A.; Abdel-Raheem, I. Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats. Arch. Pharmcol. Res. 2014, 37, 1016–1031.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Dermatology
Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Anna Kurek-Górecka
,
Michał Górecki
,
Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
,
Radosław Balwierz
,
Jerzy Stojko
View Times: 902
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 22 Jul 2022
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    Feedback