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Topic Review
Role of FDG-PET in Evaluation of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder characterized by nodules, comedones, and sinus tracts that often leave prominent scarring. Non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to assess the inflammatory activity, vascularization, and treatment response of lesions. Specifically, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans may aid in identifying systemic inflammation in patients with HS, improving diagnosis. Inflamed hypermetabolic tissues exhibit a greater uptake of FDG due to increased glucose uptake and vascularity.
  • 330
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Genetics of Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, non-scarring, immune-mediated skin disease that affects approximately 0.5–2% of the global population. The etiology of AA is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors, with significant advancements in genetic research occurring. In addition to well-known genes such as PTPN22, CTLA4, and IL2, which have been widely supported as being associated with AA, an increasing number of specific gene-related loci have been discovered through advances in genetic research.
  • 328
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Tregs in Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which affects 2–4% of the population worldwide. Psoriasis has a strong genetic component, but environmental factors are also important. T-cell derived factors such as Psoriasis is characteristic, with thickening and scaling of the epidermisdue to hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes (acanthosis). CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltrate characterizes the skin in psoriasis, a T-cell-driven disease, but other cell types are also present in the lesions, including neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells. It has been long known that the pathogenesis of psoriasis is driven by T-cell derived factors, produced by subsets including T-helper (Th) 1 cells, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T cells (Tregs). 
  • 326
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Immunotherapy in Melanoma In Situ
The immune system has been long recognised as a key element involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and persistence of skin cancer. Immunotherapy, which includes various strategies to stimulate and activate the tumour immune response, currently represents a promising option for skin cancer management, including the treatment of situ melanoma (MIS). Local immunotherapy is an exciting therapeutic approach that may achieve complete responses without inducing systemic toxicity. It can be used in monotherapy or in combination with other therapies and can be withdrawn and reintroduced as needed without a loss of efficacy. The most widely used immunotherapy in MIS, especially the LM-subtype, is imiquimod and, to a lesser extent, intralesional interferon-α (IL-INF-α) and ingenol mebutate (IM).
  • 324
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hedgehog Dermatophytosis
Pet hedgehogs, which are increasingly favoured companions, have garnered attention due to their potential as carriers of zoonotic diseases. These small insectivorous mammals, native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, are commonly kept as pets.
  • 324
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Integrated Management of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. Important risk factors for cSCC include sun exposure, immunosuppression, pale skin, and aging. White people are more likely to develop cSCC, and men are more affected than women.
  • 319
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Visible Light as a Therapeutic Option for Pigmentary Disorders
Visible-light therapy (VLT) is commonly used for various skin diseases, mostly as a second-line option. Likewise, it plays a primary or adjunctive role in the clinical management of pigmentary disorders. In the treatment of pigmentary disorders, there are three primary types of visible-light therapies utilized: laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), and LED therapy. Each type of light has unique features and mechanisms that cater to different skin conditions and disorders.
  • 315
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Basic Factors Involved in Etiopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is predominantly characterized by eczema, dry skin, and itching. These symptoms are age-dependent and often associated with other atopic diseases (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies). 
  • 313
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Infectious Tattoo-Related Side Effects
Tattooing is the procedure of implanting permanent pigment granules and additives into the dermal layer of the skin, serving various purposes such as decoration, medical identification, or accidental markings. There has been a significant rise in the popularity of decorative tattooing as a form of body art among both teenagers and young adults. Thus, the incidence of tattoos is increasing, with expanding applications such as permanent makeup, scar camouflage, nipple–areola, lips, and eyebrows tattooing, and utilization in oncological radiotherapy such as colon marking. However, there have been reported a broad range of adverse reactions linked to tattooing, encompassing allergic reactions, superficial and deep cutaneous infections, autoimmune disorders induced by the Koebner phenomenon, cutaneous tumors, and others.
  • 312
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Proteomic and Metabolomic Changes in Psoriasis
Skin diseases such as psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Overlap of autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions hinders diagnoses and identifying personalized patient treatments due to different psoriasis subtypes and the lack of verified biomarkers. Proteomics and metabolomics have been intensively investigated in a broad range of skin diseases with the main purpose of identifying proteins and small molecules involved in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. 
  • 310
  • 17 Aug 2023
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