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Topic Review
Probiotics in Skincare and Dermatological Therapy
The skin microbiota is a pivotal contributor to the maintenance of skin homeostasis by protecting it from harmful pathogens and regulating the immune system. An imbalance in the skin microbiota can lead to pathological conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne. This imbalance can be  triggered by different elements and dynamics such as changes in pH levels, exposure to environmental toxins, and the use of certain skincare products. Some research suggests that certain probiotic strains and their metabolites (postbiotics) may provide benefits such as improving the skin barrier function, reducing inflammation, and improving the appearance of acne-prone or eczema-prone skin.
  • 354
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Hydrogel for Dermal Infections
Transdermal patches and various semisolid dosage forms, including hydrogels, are widely recognized delivery strategies for addressing dermal conditions. Hydrogels have been extensively investigated and reported in scientific research. Three-dimensional network architectures are developed by these hydrogels’ hydrophilic polymer chain composition that absorb and hold enormous quantities of liquid or physiological fluids. Moreover, the properties and performance of hydrogels are significantly affected by the structure of their molecules. Crosslinking agents and polymer chains are the two main constituents of hydrogels. There are both natural and artificial polymer chains in hydrogels. Natural polymers commonly used in hydrogel formulations include agarose, alginate, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose derivatives. 
  • 353
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Exosomes in Treatment of Skin Disorders
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that can be isolated and purified from different sources such as blood, urine, breast milk, saliva, urine, umbilical cord bile cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. They have bioactive compounds that, thanks to their paracrine activity, have proven to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents, inducers of macrophage polarization and accelerators of skin repair and regeneration, reducing the possible complications relating to poor wound repair, and prolonged inflammation.
  • 350
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Physicochemical Properties and Activities of Catechins
Catechins are bioactive polyphenols and are typically isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir Roxb). There are a few types of catechins which possess the flavan-3-ol structure consisting of two benzene rings, a heterocycle dihydropyran, and a hydroxyl.
  • 350
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent condition in Latin America that can have a substantial impact on quality of life. Diagnosing AD is challenging due to broad clinical features and lack of universal diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, lack of physician training, barriers to access, and socioeconomic inequalities hinder effective disease management. Ethnoracial disparities in AD need to be addressed, as they may impact not only in the diagnosis, but also in severity scores which are relevant parameters for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents. 
  • 349
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma
Melanoma is the most frequent of the aggressive cutaneous malignancies, being the first cause of death for patients with skin cancer. Melanoma is considered the tumor with the highest mutation rate. Mutations in the BRAF gene are present in 50–60% of melanomas and the CDKN2A gene is altered in 16–41% of melanomas.
  • 348
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Purpureocillium lilacinum
Purpureocillium lilacinum is a ubiquitous hyaline fungus that is widely distributed in the environment. This fungus has a well-established place in agriculture as a biological nematicide, due to its ability to parasitize nematodes and their eggs while producing secondary metabolites that can promote plant growth. Despite being previously considered an extremely rare pathogen in humans, it has the ability to cause infections of the skin and other sites in both immunosuppressed and healthy individuals.
  • 348
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Drug Treatments for Hair Loss
Apoptosis is a physiological process that occurs in all cell types of the human body, and it profoundly changes the fate of hair by affecting hair follicle cells. Apoptosis induces cellular changes and exhibits distinctive properties through intricate signaling pathways. Hair follicles undergo cyclic periods of growth, regression, and dormancy. Apoptosis is closely correlated with the regression phase by triggering hair follicle cell death and shedding. Regulation of apoptosis in hair follicles plays an essential role in hair loss due to maladies and drug treatments. Mitigating apoptosis can enhance hair growth and minimize hair loss. 
  • 346
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Organic Acids for Chemical Peels Treating Acne Vulgaris
Acne vulgaris stands out as the most prevalent skin disorder among teenagers and young adults, causing physical discomfort and considerable economic and psychological burdens on individuals and society. Chemical peeling is a skin resurfacing technique designed to rebuild healthy skin using exfoliating substances, a simple and affordable process with various dermatological uses. Chemical peels, classified as superficial, medium, and deep, have been utilized for acne vulgaris and multiple other skin issues. In these chemical peels, a diverse range of chemical substances is employed, each with its unique mode of action. Among these, α-hydroxy and β-hydroxy acids have gathered attention for their efficacy in reducing acne lesions and enhancing overall skin appearance. Acids, such as salicylic acid, glycolic acid, or lactic acid, are commonly used in chemical peels due to their exfoliating and sebum-regulating properties. Despite the widespread use of these acids, there exists a lack of consensus regarding the most effective acid type and concentration for treating acne-prone skin. 
  • 342
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Tetracyclines as an Therapeutic Tool for Dermatologists
Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics. In addition to their antibacterial activity, they are able to inhibit metalloproteinases and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. The side effects have been thoroughly studied over the years, the most characteristic and important ones in daily dermatological practice being: phototoxicity, hyperpigmentation, onycholysis, photoonycholysis, induced lupus erythematosus, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. 
  • 341
  • 30 Jun 2022
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