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Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides as a Solution for Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is the result of various environmental, bacterial and genetic stimuli, which culminate in the disruption of the skin’s barrier function. Characterized by highly pruritic skin lesions, xerosis and an array of comorbidities among which skin infections are the most common, this condition results in both a significant loss of quality of life and in the need for life-long treatments (e.g., corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies and regular antibiotic intake), all of which may have harmful secondary effects. This, in conjunction with AD’s rising prevalence, made the development of alternative treatment strategies the focus of both the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Given their potential to both manage the skin microbiome, fight infections and even modulate the local immune response, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from more diverse origins has become one of the most promising alternative solutions for AD management, with some being already used with some success towards this end.
  • 374
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Galectin-3 in Psoriasis
Galectin-3 (gal-3) regulates many different biological processes and diseases, which are common accompanying diseases of psoriasis. Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases. There is little information about potential diagnostic role of gal-3 in psoriasis. Serum gal-3 concentrations were measured before and after twelve weeks of antipsoriatic treatment in patients with psoriasis and compared to 11 persons without psoriasis (control group). Serum gal-3 level in patients with psoriasis was significantly higher compared to the control group. In obese patients and long-lasting psoriasis positive relations of gal-3 and index of psoriasis severity were noted. In psoriatics with low gal-3 levels, it was noted that the higher the gal-3, the higher the BMI and glucose level. In patients with long history of psoriasis it was observed that the higher gal-3, the lower the lipids levels. The Gal-3 level might be a factor affecting the course of psoriasis and useful in prediction of cardiometabolic comorbidities, especially in patients with a long history of the disease or obesity. Patients with low serum gal-3 and a short history of psoriasis may have greater risk of diabetes. In obese patients with long-lasting psoriasis, gal-3 may have a beneficial influence against abnormal lipid profiles or perhaps further cardiovascular disorder development.
  • 372
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Local Drug Delivery Strategies towards Wound Healing
The capacity of the skin to heal a wound is the result of a highly intricate process that involves several different processes, such as vascular response, blood coagulation, fibrin network creation, re-epithelialisation, collagen maturation, and connective tissue remodelling. Wound healing may be controlled with topical antiseptics, topical antibiotics, herbal remedies, and cellular initiators. In order to effectively eradicate infections and shorten the healing process, contemporary antimicrobial treatments that include antibiotics or antiseptics must be investigated. A variety of delivery systems were described, including innovative delivery systems, hydrogels, microspheres, gold and silver nanoparticles, vesicles, emulsifying systems, nanofibres, artificial dressings, three-dimensional printed skin replacements, dendrimers and carbon nanotubes. It may be inferred that enhanced local delivery methods might be used to provide wound healing agents for faster healing of skin wounds.
  • 370
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Acne-Like Eruptions
The term “acne-like eruptions” encompasses a variety of skin conditions resembling acne vulgaris. While both acne-like dermatoses and true acne are frequently observed in clinical settings, differentiating between the two might be challenging. Similar to acne, the lesions of acne-like eruptions may exhibit papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.
  • 368
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Conventional/Classic Cutaneous Neurofibroma
Neurofibroma (NF) is defined as a histologically benign (WHO grade I) peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed of cells of diverse lineage including Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, mast cells and macrophages with intermixed axons. The most common type of cutaneous neurofibroma (cNF) is the classic cNF. Variations in the cytomorphology and stromal characteristics in classic cNF give rise to different histopathological subtypes.
  • 367
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. 
  • 365
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Hidradenitis Suppurativa and JAK Inhibitors
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa or Verneuil’s disease, is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, and debilitating skin disease of the hair follicles characterized by inflammatory, painful, deep-rooted lesions in the areas of the body characterized by the presence of the apocrine glands. Unfortunately, huge unmet needs still remain for its treatment. More evidence is present thanks to the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Inhibition of Janus JAK 1 signaling in HS has shown clinical efficacy only at the highest dosages.
  • 360
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by skin sensitivity, flushing, centrofacial erythema, papules, and pustules. The condition has been classified into four subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea. Rosacea mainly affects the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. It causes flushing or transient erythema, persistent erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasias. The eyes can also be affected by rosacea, causing conditions such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and, rarely, keratitis. Physical changes in the face due to rosacea can cause embarrassment, leading to reduced quality of life and self-esteem.
  • 359
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Skin Health and Microbiome-Targeted Strategies
The skin microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecology that resides in the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers and compounds found in certain foods that promote the activity and growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut or skin. On the other hand, live microorganisms, known as probiotics, benefit in sustaining healthy conditions when consumed in reasonable quantities.
  • 357
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Immunotherapy of Keloids
Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors originating from abnormal wound healing. Many factors can cause keloids, including trauma, surgery, burns, vaccination, acne, and folliculitis, which can be summarized as dermal injury and irritation, in general. However, superficial injuries that do not reach the reticular dermis will not cause keloids, suggesting that keloids result from injury to this skin layer and subsequent abnormal wound healing.
  • 356
  • 06 Nov 2023
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