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Topic Review
Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional brain imaging technique that measures magnetic flux on the surface of the head associated with underlying neuronal electrical dipoles.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Limbic Encephalitis Associated with COVID-19
Limbic encephalitis (LE) is an inflammatory disease of the brain, in which lesion is anatomically limited in structures of the limbic system. In some cases, LE can start with symptoms of limbic dysfunction with further involvement of other regions of the brain. Classic LE syndrome includes such symptoms as the development of personality disorders, depression, sleep disorders, epileptic seizures, hallucinations and cognitive disorders (short-term and long-term memory impairment). The information of clinical examination, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid studies (CSF) suggest the diagnosis of LE in most patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Role of Mitochondria in Neuroinflammation
Innate immune response is one of our primary defense against pathogens infection, although, if dysregulated, it represents the leading cause of chronic tissue inflammation. This dualism is even more present in the central nervous system, where neuroinflammation is both important for the activation of reparatory mechanisms and, at the same time, leads to the release of detrimental factors that induce neurons loss. Key players in modulating the neuroinflammatory response are mitochondria. They are responsible for a variety of cell mechanism that control tissue homeostasis, such as autophagy, apoptosis, energy production and also inflammation. Accordingly, it is widely recognized that mitochondria exert a pivotal role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, since the neurodegenerative process is highly based on neuroinflammation and tissue damage. Interestingly, it has been suggested that neuroinflammation, and thus mitochondria (dys)function, have a fundamental role in neurodegenerative diseases and also in acute brain damage, such in ischemic stroke and epileptic seizures.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Brain Barriers
Barriers between the brain and systemic circulation are dynamic and highly specialized to strictly regulate the access of a wide variety of molecules to the brain. These barriers allow for the delivery of nutrients and other molecules necessary for neuronal functioning, but often limit the permeation of xenobiotics, including drugs. In brain tumors, these barrier functions may be disrupted or altered. However, this disruption is often heterogeneous and not reliable to guaranteee the delivery of efficacious concentrations of antineoplastic agents to brain tumors.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Fasciae
The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia (/ˌdɪskælˈkjuːliə/) is a disability resulting in difficulty learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations and learning facts in mathematics. It is sometimes informally known as "math dyslexia", though this can be misleading as dyslexia is a different condition from dyscalculia. Dyscalculia is associated with dysfunction in the region around the intraparietal sulcus and potentially also the frontal lobe. Dyscalculia does not reflect a general deficit in cognitive abilities or difficulties with time, measurement, and spatial reasoning. Estimates of the prevalence of dyscalculia range between 3 and 6% of the population. In 2015 it was established that 11% of children with dyscalculia also have ADHD. Dyscalculia has also been associated with Turner syndrome and people who have spina bifida. Mathematical disabilities can occur as the result of some types of brain injury, in which case the term acalculia is used instead of dyscalculia which is of innate, genetic or developmental origin.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Astrocytes
Astrocytes are cerebral cells present in number close to that on neurons (50-60 mld). For decades they were considered only a glue, offering a mechanical and metaboli
  • 996
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies, also known as protein conformational diseases or amyloidosis, are a group of diseases associated with the deposition of misaggregated proteins in the nervous system.
  • 993
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mismatch Negativity
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the difference waveform derived from passive auditory oddball stimulation.
  • 991
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Brain
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most frequent phakomatosis and one of the most common inherited tumor predisposition syndromes, is characterized by several manifestations that pervasively involve central and peripheral nervous system structures. 
  • 978
  • 20 Apr 2021
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