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Topic Review
AngiomiRs in Cancer
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation through the migration, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells.
  • 421
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II
Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), a type I transmembrane mono-carboxypeptidase of renin angiotensin system (RAS), in involved in conversion of angiotensin I (Ang I) and angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin (1-9) and angiotensin (1-7), respectively. This enzyme, as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, plays a crucial role in the virus entrance into the host cells. The docking of the S protein to this receptor, eventually leads to the fusion of the virus membrane with the host cell plasma membrane to release the viral genome into the cell cytoplasm.
  • 950
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor
Preclinical evidence, accumulated over the past decade, indicates that the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation exerts significant neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neuronal injury, notably in the central nervous system.   Studies of brain AT2R distribution and function are outshining the recent findings about AT2R in peripheral sensoryneurons and pain modulation. While AT2R, as an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, and its related signaling are still under investigation, pharmacological studies have shown that stimulation of AT2R leads to neuritogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to report the evidence of potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative roles of AT2R in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Diabetic Neuropathy
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent and currently affects approximately 14.3% of the adult US population. Moreover, a further 38.0% of the adult US population has prediabetes, i.e., impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetic neuropathy is a frequent complication of both T2DM and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and it is present in approximately 3.5–9.4% of patients who havehad T1DM for 1–5 years and in 28% of patients who havehad T2DM for > 4 –7 years. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are the antihypertensive agents of choice for hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus (along with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE-I). ARBs act by inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II (which is produced by the cleavage of angiotensin I by the angiotensin-converting enzyme) to angiotensin receptor I, thereby promoting vasodilation and inhibiting aldosterone secretion.
  • 427
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Angiotensin Regulation of Vascular Homeostasis
Extensive research has been conducted to elucidate and substantiate the crucial role of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the pathogenesis of hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and renal diseases. Furthermore, the role of oxidative stress in maintaining vascular balance has been well established. It has been observed that many of the cellular effects induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) are facilitated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase.
  • 203
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
The interaction between the membrane spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the human epithelial host cell is the first step of infection, which has a critical role for viral pathogenesis of the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
  • 727
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.15.1)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an 805 amino acid protein encoded by the ACE2 gene expressed in various human cells, especially in those located in the epithelia.
  • 627
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Animal Drugs Used to Treat Urinary Stones
Animals like plants are also medicinal agents for the prevention and cure of different health problems all over the world practically in about all human cultures. The concept of zootherapy is very old and has strong evidence of the medicinal use of animal resources. There are many animals with the potential to treat urolithiasis.
  • 533
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Animal Foods' Lactic Acid Bacteria
A variety of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, which are either part of the autochthonous microbiota or introduced into animal products, have potential beneficial applications for the preservation of such products and/or for consumer health. Many foods obtained from fermented products of animal origin, such as meat, fish, and dairy, contain living microorganisms that are phylogenetically similar to probiotic LAB as part of the microbiota that directs their fermentation process and is responsible for their unique character. Fermented foods, such as cultured milk, yogurt, cheese, fermented sausage, and certain types of wine, are obtained through enzymatic reactions resulting from controlled microbial growth, in which the main microbial effectors comprise, primarily, LAB and their metabolites.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Animal Lectins
Animal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV); however, the mechanism is still not fully understood.
  • 654
  • 31 May 2021
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