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Topic Review
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration
Tendinopathy is a debilitating condition marked by degenerative changes in the tendons. Its complex pathophysiology involves intrinsic, extrinsic, and physiological factors. While its intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been extensively studied, the role of physiological factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, remains largely unexplored.
  • 153
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Rationale of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Treatment
Peritoneal metastases (PM) are observed in approximately 8% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, either synchronously or metachronously during follow-up. PM often manifests as the sole site of metastasis. PM is associated with a poor prognosis and typically shows resistance to systemic chemotherapy. Consequently, there has been a search for alternative treatment strategies. For intraperitoneal (IP) therapy to exhibit promise, it either needed to be combined with the removal of larger tumor nodules during cytoreductive surgery or administered as repeated intermittent treatments over an extended duration to affect macroscopic tumor nodules. Cytoreductive surgery, with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) treatment as an adjunct, emerged as a solution for the former situation.
  • 119
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis in Adolescence
Endometriosis has a prevalence of 10% worldwide in premenopausal women. Probably, endometriosis begins early in the life of young girls, and it is commonly diagnosed later in life. The prevalence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in adolescence is currently unknown due to diagnostic limits and underestimation of clinical symptoms. Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom in adolescents affected by DIE, often accompanied by dyspareunia and chronic acyclic pelvic pain. Ultrasonography—either performed transabdominal, transvaginal or transrectal—should be considered the first-line imaging technique despite the potential for missed diagnosis due to early-stage disease. Magnetic resonance imaging should be preferred in the case of virgo patients or when ultrasonographic exam is not accepted. Diagnostic laparoscopy is deemed acceptable in the case of suspected DIE not responding to conventional hormonal therapy. An early medical and/or surgical treatment may reduce disease progression with an immediate improvement in quality of life and fertility, but at the same time, painful symptoms may persist or even recur due to the surgery itself. 
  • 196
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Issues in Glioma Imaging
Glial tumors represent the leading etiology of primary brain tumors. Their particularities lie in (i) their location in a highly functional organ that is difficult to access surgically, including for biopsy, and (ii) their rapid, anisotropic mode of extension, notably via the fiber bundles of the white matter, which further limits the possibilities of resection. The use of mathematical tools enables the development of numerical models representative of the oncotype, genotype, evolution, and therapeutic response of lesions.
  • 224
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
The use of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the setting of stable coronary artery disease is highly recommended for low-risk patients. High-risk patients, such as symptomatic subjects with prior revascularization, are suggested to be investigated with noninvasive functional tests or invasive coronary angiography.
  • 136
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Exceptional Liver Transplant Indications
Liver transplantation represents the definitive intervention for various etiologies of liver failure and encompasses a spectrum of rare indications crucial to understanding the diverse landscape of end-stage liver disease, with significantly improved survival rates over the past three decades.
  • 91
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Curcumin Inorganic Nanoparticles and its Anti-cancer Potential
Curcumin is a natural compound that has been widely investigated thanks to its various biological properties, including antiproliferative. This molecule acts on different cancers such as lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal, etc. However, the bioactive actions of curcumin have limitations when its physicochemical properties compromise its pharmacological potential. As a therapeutic strategy against cancer, curcumin has been associated with inorganic nanoparticles. These nanocarriers are capable of delivering curcumin and offering physicochemical properties that synergistically enhance anticancer properties. 
  • 178
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Pocus in Acute Respiratory Failure
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a challenging condition that clinicians, especially in emergency settings, have to face frequently. Especially in emergency settings, many underlying diseases can lead to ARF and life-threatening conditions have to be promptly assessed and correctly treated to avoid unfavorable outcomes. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) gained growing consideration due to its bedside utilization, reliability and reproducibility even in emergency settings especially in unstable patients.
  • 87
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
ALK-Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), affecting about 5% of cases, is characterized by a mutation in the ALK gene, leading to poor life expectancy and a high risk of brain metastases. Unmet needs in metastatic NSCLC include the development of treatments that improve survival, reduce toxicity, and effectively address brain metastases. Evaluating Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ALK inhibitors in advanced NSCLC highlights their unique effectiveness and safety profiles. Crizotinib exhibits notable benefits regarding progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR); however, multiple studies consistently position alectinib as the superior option. Alectinib distinguishes itself with extended PFS, increased central nervous system (CNS) activity, and excellent patient-reported outcomes.
  • 177
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Four-Dimensional Flow Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease
Blood speckle tracking echocardiography (BSTE) is a new, promising 4D flow ultrafast non-focal plane imaging technique. BSTE is highly feasible, fast, and easy for visualization of normal/abnormal flow patterns in healthy children and in those with congenital heart disease (CHD). BSTE allows for visualization and basic 2D measures of normal/abnormal vortices forming the ventricles and in the main vessel. Left ventricular vortex characteristics and aortic flow patterns have been described both in healthy children and in those with CHD.
  • 144
  • 31 Jan 2024
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