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Topic Review
Neuropsychological Insights into Coping Strategies
Coping strategies, the cognitive and behavioral responses to stress, were first systematically described by Lazarus and Folkman. Early psychoanalytic work established the foundation for this concept, which was later refined by empirical studies by theorists such as Pearlin and others. Lazarus articulated coping as a dynamic transaction involving cognitive, behavioral, and emotional adjustments to stress. Folkman extended this by introducing meaning-focused coping to complement the problem- and emotion-focused paradigms.
  • 207
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Cardiotoxicity Associated with the Use of Anti-VEGF Therapy
The ability to undergo neoangiogenesis is a common feature with all cancers. Signaling related to vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and their receptors (VEGFR) plays a key role in the process of tumor neoangiogenesis. A close relationship has been demonstrated between excessive VEGF levels and the induction of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. The use of drugs blocking the VEGF function, apart from the anticancer effect, also result in adverse effects, in particular related to the circulatory system and kidneys. Cardiac toxicity associated with the use of such therapy manifests itself mainly in the form of hypertension, thromboembolic episodes and ischemic heart disease. 
  • 105
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Qualitative Diagnostic Imaging for Decision Making
Recently, in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, evidence for combined-modality therapy has been obtained, and the usefulness of neoadjuvant therapy and conversion surgery has been reported. Neoadjuvant therapy is known to improve the results of surgery for advanced esophageal cancer. In particular, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) showed a better prognosis than chemotherapy. When a histologically effective response is obtained, the presence of a good response has been shown to significantly affect the resection rate and the long-term prognosis; thus, precise evaluation has become more important for determining the treatment strategy.
  • 100
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders
Lipids are a crucial component of the human brain, serving important structural and functional roles. They are involved in cell function, myelination of neuronal projections, neurotransmission, neural plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Despite their significance, the role of lipids in the development of mental disorders has not been well understood. This review focused on the potential use of lipids as blood biomarkers for common mental illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
  • 142
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
JAK-STAT Pathway in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis Patients
Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal component in the treatment of various malignancies, encompassing lung, skin, gastrointestinal, and head and neck cancers. The foundation of this therapeutic approach lies in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in impeding the neoplastic progression of these tumours, their use may give rise to substantial toxicity, notably in the gastrointestinal domain, where ICI colitis constitutes a significant aspect. The optimal positioning of Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway inhibitors in the therapeutic management of ICI colitis remains unclear. Numerous reports have highlighted notable improvements in ICI colitis through the application of pan-JAK-STAT inhibitors, with tofacitinib, in particular, reporting evident clinical remission of colitis. 
  • 195
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
miRNAs Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, although a high number of patients fail to respond to ICIs, which is partially due to the ability of tumor cells to evade immune system surveillance. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the immune evasion of tumor cells, and there is thus growing interest in elucidating whether these miRNAs could be targetable or proposed as novel biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response to ICIs. 
  • 232
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Calcium-Associated Proteins in Neuroregeneration
The dysregulation of intracellular calcium levels is a critical factor in neurodegeneration, leading to the aberrant activation of calcium-dependent processes and, ultimately, cell death. Ca2+ signals vary in magnitude, duration, and the type of neuron affected. A moderate Ca2+ concentration can initiate certain cellular repair pathways and promote neuroregeneration. 
  • 108
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mitral Annular Calcification and Its Management
The mitral valve annulus serves as a boundary between the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricular (LV). The mitral annulus has an anterior and posterior segment. The anterior segment connects the aortic root to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and thereby forms the aorto-mitral curtain. The anterior and posterior segments act as anchoring points for the respective mitral valve (MV) leaflets. Mitral valve annular calcification-related valvular disease is increasingly common due to the rising prevalence of age-related mitral annular calcifications. Mitral annular calcification alters the structure and function of the mitral valve annulus, which in turn causes mitral valve regurgitation, stenosis, or both. As it frequently coexists with comorbid conditions and overlapping symptoms, mitral annular calcification-related valvular disease poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • 104
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Endocrine Pathogenic Mediators and Molecular Mechanisms
Adenomyosis (ADM) is a multifaceted uterine pathology characterized by the ectopic infiltration of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, affecting approximately 20% of women in the reproductive age group seeking gynecological care. This condition manifests as a range of debilitating symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, impaired fertility, and heightened susceptibility to miscarriage and obstetric complications. The essential dependence of ADM on estrogen and the impact of endocrine disruptors in its pathogenesis warrant further investigation, and present therapeutic opportunities.
  • 203
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Pi and Molecular Mechanisms in Tumorigenesis
Cancer therapeutics have a low success rate in clinical trials. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to translate basic, clinical, and remote fields of research knowledge into novel cancer treatments. Recent research has identified high dietary phosphate intake as a risk factor associated with cancer incidence. A model of tumor dynamics predicted that reducing phosphate levels sequestered in the tumor microenvironment could substantially reduce tumor size. Coincidently, a low-phosphate diet is already in use to help patients with chronic kidney disease manage high serum phosphate levels.
  • 135
  • 08 Feb 2024
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