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Topic Review
Severe Falciparum Malaria
Plasmodium falciparum can cause a severe disease with high mortality. A major factor contributing to the increased virulence of P. falciparum, as compared to other human malarial parasites, is the sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the capillary beds of organs and tissues. This sequestration is due to the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells.
  • 277
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Impact of Oncofusions in Cancer Research
Oncofusions, or cancer-associated fusion mutations, are driving forces in cancer development. Advanced sequencing technologies have revolutionized their identification, opening new avenues in cancer research. Oncofusions manipulate cellular signaling pathways and show promise as targets for therapy and diagnostic markers. 
  • 416
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Specific Symptoms in Older Adults with Cancer
Advanced cancer represents the most common reason for needing palliative care among older adults worldwide. Palliative care is an essential component of cancer care with a direct impact on quality of life. The complex healthcare needs of older patients with cancer therefore require a comprehensive assessment, including a geriatric evaluation.
  • 287
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sinonasal Orbital Apex Syndrome
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses with a clinical picture of anterior or posterior nasal discharge, congestion, olfactory dysfunction, and facial pain or pressure. It must be confirmed with endoscopic or radiological signs of inflammation. By its duration, it is classified into acute (i.e., duration <4 weeks), subacute (4–12 weeks), and chronic RS (>12 weeks). Moreover, RS can be named according to the inflamed paranasal sinus, e.g., sphenoiditis in sphenoid sinus inflammation. RS significantly affects the patient’s quality of life due to the significant impact on personal development, sleep hygiene, mental health, physical condition, self-perception, and family relationships.
  • 248
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Organ-Sparing Surgery for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Organ-sparing surgery for testicular germ cell tumors offers a promising approach that balances oncological control and preservation of testicular function. Further research, including large-scale prospective studies and long-term follow-ups, is warranted to validate the effectiveness and durability of organ-sparing surgery and to identify optimal patient selection criteria.
  • 156
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm of mature T-cells. Most patients with T-PLL present with lymphocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Correct identification of T-PLL is essential because treatment for this disease is distinct from that of other T-cell neoplasms.
  • 319
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Cardiovascular Disease
Three-dimensional (3D) printing plays an important role in cardiovascular disease through the use of personalised models that replicate the normal anatomy and its pathology with high accuracy and reliability. 3D bioprinting represents a promising field that could revolutionise the future of cardiovascular disease treatment. Three-dimensional bioprinting uses mostly the same additive manufacturing technologies but prints functional living structures from biological components such as living cells, biomaterials and growth factors.
  • 247
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Novel Fucoidan Pharmaceutical Formulations and Their Potential Application
Fucoidan belongs to a family of sulfated, L-fucose-rich polysaccharides found in the cell wall matrix of various species of marine brown algae (Phaeophyta: Laminariaceae, Fucaceae, Chordariaceae and Alariaceae). Fucoidan can also be obtained from sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae, Holothuriidae), sea urchin eggs (Echinoidea: Strongylocentrotidae, Arbaciidae) and sea grasses (Cymodoceaceae).
  • 340
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Effects of AntagomiRs on Different Lung Diseases
MiRNAs have been shown to play a crucial role among lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis (TBC) infection, and bronchial hypersensitivity, thus including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The oncogenic effect of several miRNAs has been ruled out. In order to act on miRNAs turnover, antagomiRs have been developed.
  • 247
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Autoimmune Disorders
Several allergic and immunologic diseases including asthma, food allergy (FA), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), atopic dermatitis (AD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Behçet’s disease (BD) are characterized by the involvement of Th2 immunity. Several mediators lead to immunoglobulin (Ig)E production, thus including key cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Among them, IL-31 and IL-33 have been recently studied as novel biomarkers and future therapeutic targets for allergic and immunological disorders. IL-31 is a proinflammatory cytokine—it regulates cell proliferation and is involved in tissue remodeling. IL-33, acting through its receptor suppression of tumorigenity (ST2L), is an alarmin cytokine from the IL-1 family, whose expression is mediated by tissue damage. The latter has a pleiotropic effect, as it may modulate specific and innate immune cells functions.
  • 273
  • 01 Aug 2023
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