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Topic Review
AI Agent Model for Extrinsic Emotion Regulation
Emotion regulation is the human ability to modulate one’s or other emotions to maintain emotional well-being. Despite its importance, only a few computational models have been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation. To address this gap, a computational model for intelligent agents has been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation in individuals. This model is grounded in a multidimensional emotion representation and on J. Gross’s theoretical framework of emotion regulation. In this apporach, an intelligent agent selects the most appropriate regulation strategies to reach or maintain an individual’s emotional equilibrium considering the individual’s personality traits and specific characteristics.
  • 245
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dietary Salt Restriction and MDP for Cardiometabolic Health
The dietary restriction of salt intake and the adhesion to Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) are among the most recommended lifestyle modifications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A large amount of evidence supports these recommendations. Likewise, findings from observational and clinical studies suggest a causal role of excess salt intake in blood pressure increase, cardiovascular organ damage, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, it is also conceivable that the beneficial effects of these two dietary patterns overlap because Mediterranean dietary patterns are typically characterized by a large consumption of plant-based foods with low sodium content. However, there is little data on this issue, and heterogeneous results are available on the relationship between adherence to salt restriction and to Mediterranean dietary patterns.
  • 160
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Parameters Used to Evaluate Glycemic Variability
In the current diabetes management paradigm, we know that in evaluating the overall quality of glycemic control, besides the traditional measurements of glycemias and HbA1c, we need also to evaluate the degree of glycemic values fluctuations, which are incorporated in the glycemic variability phenomena. It is well known, that independently of glycemic values and HbA1c, glycemic variability is associated with the development of chronic diabetes complications and is linked to an increased risk of clinically significant hypo- and hyper- glycemias. To evaluate glycemic variability, several parameters are recommended, depending on what component of glycemic varibility is wanted to be assessed. Herein, the most frequently used parameters of glycemic variability are presented, how these parameters are calculated as well as their individual clinical usage are also described. 
  • 137
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Genetic Mutations Associated Myocardial Bridges
Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital coronary artery anomaly that has limited molecular disease state characterization. Though a large portion of individuals may be asymptomatic, the myocardial ischemia caused by this anomaly can lead to angina, acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery disease, and sudden cardiac death in patients.
  • 300
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cutting-Edge Therapies for Lung Cancer
Lung cancer remains a formidable global health challenge that necessitates inventive strategies to improve its therapeutic outcomes. The conventional treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, have demonstrated limitations in achieving sustained responses. Therefore, exploring novel approaches encompasses a range of interventions that show promise in enhancing the outcomes for patients with advanced or refractory cases of lung cancer. These groundbreaking interventions can potentially overcome cancer resistance and offer personalized solutions.
  • 97
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body, including the neurological system. Multiple factors, such as environmental (infections), genetic (many HLA alleles including DR2 and DR3, and genes including C4), and immunological influences on self-antigens, such as nuclear antigens, lead to the formation of multiple autoantibodies that cause deleterious damage to bodily tissues and organs. The production of autoantibodies, such as anti-dsDNA, anti-SS(A), anti-SS(B), anti-Smith, and anti-neuronal DNA are characteristic features of this disease. Patients with SLE also present numerous neuropsychiatric manifestations. These neuropsychiatric manifestations are referred to as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). NPSLE affects both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and can present as various symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction, organic brain syndromes, delirium, seizures, headache, and psychosis.
  • 188
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Role of Biofilm in Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all bacterial infections and require around 15% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs for several decades, the significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment in healthcare settings creates a reservoir of pathogens that can easily be transmitted to patients. Urinary catheter infections are frequently observed in hospitals and are caused by microbes that form a biofilm after a catheter is inserted into the bladder. Managing infections caused by biofilms is challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. 
  • 105
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Omics Complexity in Sepsis
Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the remarkable advances in modern medicine throughout the last century, the mortality rates associated with sepsis have remained significantly elevated, both in high- and low-income countries. The main difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of septic patients is the tremendous heterogeneity of this condition. 
  • 104
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sources and Types of Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a crucial role in the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The types of UV radiation are differentiated by wavelength: UVA (315 to 400 nm), UVB (280 to 320 nm), and UVC (100 to 280 nm). UV radiation can cause direct DNA damage in the forms of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). In addition, UV radiation can also cause DNA damage indirectly through photosensitization reactions caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which manifest as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG). Both direct and indirect DNA damage can lead to mutations in genes that promote the development of skin cancers.
  • 268
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Management of Melasma
Melasma is a commonly occurring pigmented skin condition that can significantly affect one’s appearance, described as symmetric hyperpigmentation that presents as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on various facial areas, such as the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, and upper lip, along with the mandible and upper arms. Due to its complex pathogenesis and recurrent nature, melasma management is challenging and the outcomes following treatment are not always deemed satisfactory. 
  • 155
  • 11 Mar 2024
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