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Topic Review
Gla-Rich Protein in CKD
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect more than 10% of the global population and represents an increasing health and economic burden for the society. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important complication of CKD and the primary cause of death in these patients. Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), which is a common complication of CKD patients, involves changes in mineral ion homeostasis, bone quality and turnover, cardiovascular and soft tissue calcifications, highly contributing for cardiovascular outcomes. Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. New diagnostic/prognostic tools are required for early detection of VC allowing interventional strategies. Gla-rich protein (GRP) is a cardiovascular calcification inhibitor, whose clinical utility still remained unknown. The present clinical study including a cohort of 80 diabetic patients with mild to moderate CKD (stages 2–4) explored, for the first time, correlations between levels of GRP in serum with CKD developmental stage, mineral metabolism markers, VC and pulse pressure (PP). The results shown an association between GRP, renal dysfunction and CKD-MBD. The relationship between low levels of GRP and vascular calcifications suggests a potential clinical utility for GRP as an early marker of vascular damage in CKD.
  • 982
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Iron Deficiency in Celiac Disease
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most recognized type of anemia in patients with celiac disease (CD) and may be present in over half of patients at the time of diagnosis. Folate and vitamin B12 malabsorption, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, blood loss, development of refractory CD, and concomitant Heliobacter pylori infection are other causes of anemia in such patients. The decision to replenish iron stores and the route of administration (oral or intravenous) are controversial due, in part, to questions surrounding the optimal formulation and route of administration.
  • 982
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Application of Sol–Gels for Treatment of Gynaecological Conditions
Approaches for effective and sustained drug delivery to the female reproductive tract (FRT) for treating a range of gynaecological conditions remain limited. The development of versatile delivery platforms, such as soluble gels (sol–gels) coupled with applicators/devices, holds considerable therapeutic potential for gynaecological conditions. Sol–gel systems, which undergo solution-to-gel transition, triggered by physiological conditions such as changes in temperature, pH, or ion composition, offer advantages of both solution- and gel-based drug formulations. Furthermore, they have potential to be used as a suitable drug delivery vehicle for other novel drug formulations, including micro- and nano-particulate systems, enabling the delivery of drug molecules of diverse physicochemical character. Hence, such systems are are of profound significance in delivering the drugs to various parts of FRT for optimal treatment of various gynecological conditions which was not achievable using conventional drug delivery technologies.
  • 982
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Mindfulness for Preventing Psychosocial Risks
Mindfulness-based intervention programs in the context of the workplace must be supported by a synthesis of empirical evidence in which the heterogeneity of the different studies shows their efficacy. Meta-analytical studies are intended to overcome the deficiencies and contradictions found in the literature by analyzing the empirical evidence available [38]. This meta-analytical review emphasizes exactly which results the various interventions now show and what influence they exert on psychological variables of employees. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of MBIs on psychological variables of employees.
  • 982
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Stem Cell Types for Treating Depression
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), colloquially known as depression, is a debilitating condition affecting an estimated 3.8% of the population globally, of which 5.0% are adults and 5.7% are above the age of 60. MDD is differentiated from common mood changes and short-lived emotional responses due to subtle alterations in gray and white matter, including the frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, thalamus, striatum, and amygdala. It can be detrimental to a person’s overall health if it occurs with moderate or severe intensity. It can render a person suffering terribly to perform inadequately in their personal, professional, and social lives. Depression, at its peak, can lead to suicidal thoughts and ideation. Antidepressants manage clinical depression and function by modulating the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain. 
  • 982
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Normal Bone Marrow Microenvironment
The bone marrow is responsible for providing the body with a constant supply of millions of circulating blood cells and platelets. Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are rare, self-renewing, multipotent progenitors that produce all types of these blood cells via haematopoiesis. Maintaining these HSPCs requires key signals and interactions with both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Understanding these cellular communications may provide insight into haematological diseases and uncover better strategies for treatment. 
  • 982
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
ALS
The site of origin of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although unsettled, is increasingly recognized as being cortico-fugal, which is a dying-forward process primarily starting in the corticomotoneuronal system. 
  • 981
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Aurora Kinase B in Cancer
Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is a mitotic serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to the aurora kinase family along with aurora kinase A (AURKA) and aurora kinase C (AURKC). AURKB is a member of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and plays a role in cell cycle progression.
  • 981
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Microvascular Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have come a long way in recent decades, but the lack of functioning vasculature is still a major obstacle preventing the development of thicker, physiologically relevant tissue constructs. A large part of this obstacle lies in the development of the vessels on a microscale—the microvasculature—that are crucial for oxygen and nutrient delivery. 
  • 981
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Promising Lead Compounds for Resistant-Tuberculosis
According to WHO report, globally about 10 million active tuberculosis cases, resulting in about 1.6 million deaths, further aggravated by drug-resistant tuberculosis and/or comorbidities. Incomplete therapeutic regimen, meager dosing, and the capability of the latent and/or active state tubercular bacilli to abide and do survive against contemporary first-line and second-line antitubercular drugs escalate the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. To explore and identify the most potential antitubercular drug candidate among various reported compounds, here we focused to highlight the promising lead derivatives of isoniazid, coumarin, griselimycin, and antimicrobial peptides. The aim of the present review is to fascinate significant lead compounds in the development of potential clinical drug candidates that might be more precise and effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis, the world research looking for a long time.
  • 981
  • 10 Dec 2020
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