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Topic Review
Development of Agents with Biological Activities by Umbelliferone
Umbelliferone (UMB), known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, hydrangine, or skimmetine, is a naturally occurring coumarin in the plant kingdom, mainly from the Umbelliferae family that possesses a wide variety of pharmacological properties. In addition, the use of nanoparticles containing umbelliferone may improve anti-inflammatory or anticancer therapy. Also, its derivatives are endowed with great potential for therapeutic applications due to their broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiproliferative effects.
  • 320
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Rocahepevirus ratti as Cause of Acute Hepatitis Worldwide
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a widespread human infection that causes mainly acute infection and can evolve to a chronic manifestation in immunocompromised individuals. In addition to the common strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV-A), known as Paslahepevirus balayani, pathogenic to humans, a genetically highly divergent rat origin hepevirus (RHEV) can cause hepatitis possessing a potential risk of cross-species infection and zoonotic transmission. Rocahepevirus ratti, formerly known as Orthohepevirus C, is a single-stranded RNA virus, recently reassigned to Rocahepevirus genus in the Hepeviridae family, including genotypes C1 and C2.
  • 238
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Ocular Fundus in Systemic Infections
Examining the ocular fundus demonstrates significant clinical relevance in systemic infections among inpatients. The necessity of such evaluations is not universal for all infectious cases but critical when systemic infections, notably those demonstrating a potential for ocular involvement. The utilization of a collaborative decision tree is proposed to guide clinicians in identifying patients who may derive substantial benefit from fundus examinations, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and tailoring therapeutic interventions. A well-structured, interdisciplinary approach, combining systemic and ocular assessments, is crucial to establish diagnostic clarity and refine therapeutic approaches, especially in the complex clinical scenarios often presented by inpatients with systemic infections. Ultimately, adopting this strategic framework aims to promote better patient outcomes through informed and timely intervention strategies.
  • 482
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Resveratrol and Gut Microbiota Synergy
Resveratrol (RSV) exerts beneficial properties in the modulation of cardiovascular, metabolic, and post-COVID-19-related disorders. In healthy individuals, it maintains an ergogenic capacity, prevents oxidative stress, and modulates the inflammatory response. Overall, it improves quality of life. The RSV–gut-microbiota interaction is beneficial in terms of maintaining human health. Along with physical activity, it is key for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
  • 162
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Complications Associated with Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
The main advantage of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (OLIF) is its ability to provide safe access to the lumbar spine while being a robust interbody fusion technique through a minimally invasive approach. The rate of major complications after OLIF is minimal, making it a safe procedure with significant benefits outweighing the risks. The advantages of OLIF L2-5 with posterior stabilisation over stand-alone OLIF L2-5 is a subject of discussion.
  • 154
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Neurological Disorder Management
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been extensively studied due to its reversibility and significantly fewer side effects. DBS is mainly a symptomatic therapy, but the stimulation of subcortical areas by DBS is believed to affect the cytoarchitecture of the brain, leading to adaptability and neurogenesis. The neurological disorders most commonly studied with DBS were Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. 
  • 377
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Body Composition Assessment
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a reliable, non-invasive, objective, and cost-effective body composition assessment method, with high reproducibility. 
  • 239
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Vaginal Microbiome during Pregnancy in Health and Disease
Many aetiological agents pose a risk to pregnancy; in particular, infections of the genital tract by various pathogens that can cause serious health issues for both mothers and their fetuses have become a major public health issue all over the world for their high and growing prevalence. Genital infections can have a long duration, and women with these infections before pregnancy might also have increased risks of adverse outcomes including macrosomia, preterm birth (PTB), and spontaneous abortion. Multiple types of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections have been identified that can affect the health of the pregnant woman, the pregnancy, and the infant after delivery.
  • 166
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Thyroid Hormone and MASLD
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a widespread global health concern that affects around 25% of the global population. Its influence is expanding, and it is anticipated to overtake alcohol as the leading cause of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of MASLD. 
  • 161
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Tobacco smoking has been a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Smoking is a chronic relapsing disease and pharmacotherapy is a main component of smoking cessation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and smoking both increase the risk of CVD and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are few existing data examining how pharmacological treatment, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline, affect smokers suffering with OSA and especially their cardiovascular effects.
  • 300
  • 21 Dec 2023
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