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Topic Review
Crucial Roles of Ez-Metastasizing in Ezrin in Metastasis
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane–cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell–cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. 
  • 436
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Crucial Mediators of Adipocyte Intercellular Communication
Cancer research has prioritized the study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a crucial area of investigation. Understanding the communication between tumor cells and the various cell types within the TME has become a focal point. Bidirectional communication processes between these cells support cellular transformation, as well as the survival, invasion, and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer structures secreted by cells that emerge as important mediators of this cell-to-cell communication. EVs transfer their molecular cargo, including proteins and nucleic acids, and particularly microRNAs, which play critical roles in intercellular communication. Adipocytes, a significant component of the breast stroma, exhibit high EV secretory activity, which can then modulate metabolic processes, promoting the growth, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells.
  • 235
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review Video
Crosstalk between Apoptosis and Autophagy
Research in biomedical sciences has changed dramatically over the past fifty years. There is no doubt that the discovery of apoptosis and autophagy as two highly synchronized and regulated mechanisms in cellular homeostasis are among the most important discoveries in these decades. Along with the advancement in molecular biology, identifying the genetic players in apoptosis and autophagy has shed light on our understanding of their function in physiological and pathological conditions. Apoptosis and autophagy play essential roles in human health, and their malfunction leads to many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and autoimmune disorders. These mechanisms are highly regulated, and there is complex crosstalk between them.
  • 436
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Crosstalk
Biological crosstalk refers to instances in which one or more components of one signal transduction pathway affects another. This can be achieved through a number of ways with the most common form being crosstalk between proteins of signaling cascades. In these signal transduction pathways, there are often shared components that can interact with either pathway. A more complex instance of crosstalk can be observed with transmembrane crosstalk between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton.
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Critical Functions of PHB2
The prohibitin (PHB) gene was initially found to be antiproliferative and able to inhibit the initiation of DNA synthesis in rat liver in 1989. The human homologue (later to be known as PHB1) was then identified, cloned, and mapped to the human chromosome 17q21. In 1994, another member of prohibitin, PHB2, was discovered on chromosome 12p13 when two proteins were found to associate with the IgM antigen receptor of B lymphocytes.
  • 320
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Cristae Dynamics
Recent studies using fluorescence super-resolution (SR) microscopy techniques showed unexpected fast movement of cristae and CJs, collectively termed as cristae dynamics. Cristae undergo continuous cycles of membrane remodelling often assisted by the dynamics of CJs in a MICOS-dependent manner, which led to the proposal of the ‘Cristae Fission and Fusion’ (CriFF) model. The field of cristae dynamics is still in infancy, future experiments could provide better insights about the consequences of the reduced cristae or CJ dynamics in the knockouts (KOs) of the MICOS subunits and their relevance in many pathologies associated with the MICOS complex.
  • 656
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas-Based Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas by cytotoxic T-cells. To date, there are no drugs that can prevent the development of T1D. Insulin replacement therapy is the standard care for patients with T1D. This treatment is life-saving, but is expensive, can lead to acute and long-term complications, and results in reduced overall life expectancy. This has stimulated the research and development of alternative treatments for T1D. In this research, potential therapies for T1D are considered using cellular regenerative medicine approaches with a focus on CRISPR/Cas-engineered cellular products. However, CRISPR/Cas as a genome editing tool has several drawbacks that should be considered for safe and efficient cell engineering. In addition, cellular engineering approaches themselves pose a hidden threat. The purpose of this research is to critically discuss novel strategies for the treatment of T1D using genome editing technology. 
  • 290
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications
The CRISPR-Cas system is a powerful tool for in vivo editing the genome of most organisms, including man.
  • 580
  • 24 May 2021
Topic Review
CRISPR Screen
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen provides a robust and unbiased means for interrogating such genes, and a series of landmark reports since its introduction in 2014 have demonstrated that the technology yields high-quality functional hits. This technology, in combination with other orthogonal methods for studying protein function on a systems scale, can provide valuable functional insights that would take years to establish using conventional methods.
  • 569
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cripto in scientific literature
Cripto is a small glycosylphosphatidylinisitol (GPI)-anchored and secreted oncofetal protein that plays important roles in regulating normal physiological processes, including stem cell differentiation, embryonal development, and tissue growth and remodeling, as well as pathological processes such as tumor initiation and progression. Cripto functions as a co-receptor for TGF-β ligands such as Nodal, GDF1, and GDF3. Soluble and secreted forms of Cripto also exhibit growth factor-like activity and activate SRC/MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 kDa (GRP78) binds Cripto at the cell surface and has been shown to be required for Cripto signaling via both TGF-β and SRC/MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways.
  • 530
  • 19 Oct 2020
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