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Topic Review
TCTP, Cell Biology and Disease
Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is multifunctional protein expressed in essentially all eukaryotic organisms. It is a cytoprotective protein that is involved in many basic biological processes, such as cellular stress responses, growth and development. Dysregulation of TCTP occurs in various disease processes, and recently the participation of TCTP in several cancer-promoting pathways has been unveiled. Understanding the core biological functions of TCTP, the mechanisms underlying its cellular regulation and its participation in disease processes is essential for the design of effective anti-cancer strategies that may involve targeting of TCTP.  To provide a current overview of the knowledge in this area, we published a review article in Cells, which represents a detailed compilation of the recent progress in this field . Here, we give a brief overview on the core findings that are reported in this article.
  • 579
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Taxonomic List of Viruses
This is a taxonomic list of viruses according to the most recent (2014) taxonomy release by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), placed into the groups of the Baltimore classification system. Though not used by the ICTV, Baltimore classification, which groups viruses together based on how they produce mRNA, is used in conjunction with the ICTV's work in modern virus classification.
  • 539
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tau Isoforms
Tau was first described as a natively unfolded microtubule-associated protein. In fact, its main function is to promote the assembly of microtubules and stabilize their structure. However, Tau proteins have a variety of other functions, which include maintaining the structural integrity of neurons, contributing to signal transmission between neurons, and axonal transport. Tau also plays a role in regulating myelination, iron homeostasis, and neurogenesis and may also support synaptic plasticity. Other roles attributed to Tau are gene expression regulation, DNA protection, genome stability, microRNA activity, RNA protection, RNA metabolism, and protein synthesis.
  • 788
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Taste Receptors and Sperm Biology
Taste receptors were first described as sensory receptors located on the tongue, where they are expressed in small clusters of specialized epithelial cells. Taste receptors and components of the coupled taste transduction cascade are also expressed during the different phases of spermatogenesis as well as in mature spermatozoa from mouse to humans and the overlap between the ligand spectrum of taste receptors with compounds in the male and female reproductive organs makes it reasonable to assume that sperm “taste” these different cues in their natural microenvironments. 
  • 723
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Targeting Tie2 in the Tumor Microenvironment
The dissemination of cancer cells from their original location to distant organs where they grow, a process called metastasis, causes more than 90% of cancer deaths. The identification of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and the development of anti-metastatic therapies are essential to increase patient survival. In recent years, targeting the tumor microenvironment has become a promising avenue to prevent both tumor growth and metastasis. As the tumor microenvironment contains not only cancer cells but also blood vessels, immune cells, and other non-cancerous cells, it is naïve to think that therapy only affects a single cell type in this complex environment. Here to stress the importance, and ways to inhibit the function, of one therapeutic target: the receptor Tie2. Tie2 is a receptor present on the cell surface of several cell types within the tumor microenvironment and regulates tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis to distant organs.
  • 516
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Targeting Strategies against Radioresistant Tumors
A radiosensitizer is a drug that makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. These compounds apparently promote the scavenging of free radicals produced by radiation damage on the molecular level. Radiation therapy generally affects DNA; mainly, it leads to DNA DSBs. Therefore, many radiosensitizing agents have been formulated to target the clinically developed DNA DSB repair pathways. Other agents instead target different pathways, e.g., DNA-PKcs, ATM, and ATR signaling cascades. More than seven PARP inhibitors, for example, are currently being developed considering their role in DNA repair, especially for tumors with DNA repair defects, such as BRCA mutation, because of their synthetic lethality.
  • 365
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Targeting Protein Aggregates with Natural Products
Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others.
  • 217
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Targeting Ferroptosis against Ischemia/Reperfusion Cardiac Injury
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Primarily, ischemia causes decreased oxygen supply, resulting in damage of the cardiac tissue. Naturally, reoxygenation has been recognized as the treatment of choice to recover blood flow through primary percutaneous coronary intervention. This treatment is the gold standard therapy to restore blood flow, but paradoxically it can also induce tissue injury. A number of different studies in animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final myocardial infarct size. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathological process. Iron is an essential mineral required for a variety of vital biological functions but also has potentially toxic effects. A detrimental process induced by free iron is ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic type of programmed cell death. Accordingly, efforts to prevent ferroptosis in pathological settings have focused on the use of radical trapping antioxidants (RTAs), such as liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1). Hence, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent cardiac IRI, thus improving the clinical outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease. 
  • 607
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Targeting Epigenetic Mechanisms in Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an exceptionally complicated and heterogeneous disease that is caused by the abnormal proliferation of malignant monoclonal plasma cells initiated in the bone marrow. In disease progression, a multistep process including differentiation, proliferation, and invasion is involved.
  • 406
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Targeting Cell Surface GRP78 in Cancer
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident molecular chaperone that plays a crucial role in protein folding homeostasis by regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). In tumour cells, GRP78 is present at the cell surface, where it functions as a signalling receptor involved in numerous proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways that contribute to cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. As such, novel therapeutic strategies that target cell surface GRP78 in the treatment of several human cancers is highlighted.
  • 390
  • 01 Jul 2022
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