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Topic Review
Laser-Promoted Immobilization of Ag Nanoparticles
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used for their bacteriostatic or antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effects of AgNPs have been demonstrated on many bacteria, including bacteria resistant to common antibiotics. They prevent the adhesion and proliferation of bacteria to the surface of materials and suppress microorganisms already adhered. This property is used in the medical field where these materials protect equipment prone to biofilm formation, such as catheters and implants. AgNPs are also used in the treatment of wounds, where they accelerate the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts (collagen-producing connective tissue cells).
  • 488
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Polymers–HA Composite
Hydroxyapatite (HA), especially in the form of HA nanoparticles (HANPs), has excellent bioactivity, biodegradability, and osteoconductivity and therefore has been widely used as a template or additives for drug delivery in clinical applications, such as dentistry and orthopedic repair. Due to the atomically anisotropic distribution on the preferred growth of HA crystals, especially the nanoscale rod-/whisker-like morphology, HA can generally be a good candidate for carrying a variety of substances. HA is biocompatible and suitable for medical applications, but most drugs carried by HANPs have an initial burst release. In the adsorption mechanism of HA as a carrier, specific surface area, pore size, and porosity are important factors that mainly affect the adsorption and release amounts.
  • 575
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Derivatization in Flow Analysis
Chemical derivatization involves modification of the analyte for improving selectivity and/or sensitivity. It is particularly attractive in flow analysis in view of its highly reproducible reagent addition(s) and controlled timing. Then, measurements without attaining the steady state, kinetic discrimination, exploitation of unstable reagents and/or products, as well as strategies compliant with Green Analytical Chemistry, have been efficiently exploited. Flow-based chemical derivatization has been accomplished by different approaches, involving e.g. flow and manifold programming, solid-phase reagents, and strategies for sample insertion and reagent addition, as well as to increase sample residence time.
  • 783
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Langmuir–Blodgett Graphene-Based Films
The prevalence of photosynthesis, as the major natural solar energy transduction mechanism or biophotovoltaics (BPV), has always intrigued mankind. The development of high performance and durable BPVs is dependent on upgraded anode materials with electrochemically dynamic nanostructures. However, the current challenges in the optimization of anode materials remain significant barriers towards the development of commercially viable technology. Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film has been substantiated as an efficacious film-forming technique to tackle the above limitations of algal BPVs; however, the aforesaid technology remains vastly untapped in BPVs.
  • 677
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) are a highly non-ideal mixture of two biodegradable components (HBA and HBD) associated with strong hydrogen bonding interactions. 
  • 4.7K
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-Based Biosensors
The MIP (molecularly imprinted polymer)-based biosensor can be considered an artificial antibody-integrated polymeric active layer that readily sustains stability in challenging testing chemical environments, such as high-temperature limits up to ~300 °C. Since general proteins are usually denatured in irreversible forms higher than ~80 °C, MIP-based biosensors are more stable in storage and even suitable for applications requiring a high-temperature range.
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Zooceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients Derived from Animals
Many substances derived from animals are used as ingredients in the cosmetic industry and constitute a particular type of product: zooceuticals. The main ingredients used can come from insects, such as snail slime; land animals, such as lanolin; and marine animals, such as marine collagen. Today, they are used less than in the past for hygienic–sanitary, ethical, and ecological reasons. Moreover, some can give rise to irritative or allergic dermatitis. However, they still represent a fraction of the common ingredients in certain types of cosmetic products today.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnology-Based Bioactive Antifeedant for Plant Protection
An antifeedant approach for insect control in crop management has been comprehensively studied by many researchers, though it has only been restricted to plant-based compounds and to the laboratory level at least. Nano-delivery formulations of biopesticides offer a wide variety of benefits, including increased effectiveness and efficiency with the improved properties of the antifeedant. An antifeedant nano-delivery system can increase their bioactivities, such as increasing sublethal bioactivity or reducing toxicity levels in both crude extracts/essential oils (EOs) and pure compounds.
  • 414
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Phosphorus Bond
The phosphorus bond in chemical systems, which is an inter- or intramolecular noncovalent interaction, occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a covalently or coordinately bonded phosphorus atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophile in another, or the same, molecular entity. It is the second member of the family of pnictogen bonds, formed by the second member of the pnictogen family of the periodic table. 
  • 2.1K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Induced Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with widespread barrier dysfunction and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. AD is an imbalance in the Th2 immune response where there is an increase in the gene expression levels of major Th2 cytokines during the acute phase.
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Mar 2022
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