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Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Materials for Optoelectronics Applications
The past one and a half decades have witnessed the tremendous progress of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, including graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, etc., in a variety of fields. The key to their success is their unique structural, electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Two-dimensional materials are layered crystalline solids that have strong bonding in the crystal plane, while the forces between the adjacent atomic layers are weak van-der-Waals forces. The special structure of 2D materials endows them with many remarkable abilities.
  • 769
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Weight Distributions in Bituminous Binders
Molecular weight distributions are widely used to evaluate the effects of aging or modifiers in bituminous binders. As with polymers, the most common techniques to obtain the distributions can be subdivided into two main groups, depending on whether or not they use a solvent.
  • 477
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Zeolite/Pharmaceuticals System
Zeolites belong to aluminosilicate microporous solids, with strong and diverse catalytic activity, which makes them applicable in almost every kind of industrial process, particularly thanks to their eco-friendly profile. Another crucial characteristic of zeolites is their tremendous adsorption capability. Therefore, it is self-evident that the widespread use of zeolites is in environmental protection, based primarily on the adsorption capacity of substances potentially harmful to the environment, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, or other industry pollutants. On the other hand, zeolites are also recognized as drug delivery systems (DDS) carriers for numerous pharmacologically active agents. The enhanced bioactive ability of DDS zeolite as a drug carrying nanoplatform is confirmed, making this system more specific and efficient, compared to the drug itself. These two applications of zeolite, in fact, illustrate the importance of (ir)reversibility of the adsorption process. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Applications for Nanotechnology in Endodontics
Nanotechnology has been utilized in several different parts of dentistry. Nanomaterials can be employed as irrigation, intracanal medicament, obturation materials and sealers.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Hydrochar for Potential Wastewater Treatment Applications
In today’s world, due to population increase, there are many alarming and potential catastrophic problems like climate change, environmental pollution and an enormous mass of wastes constantly produced by humankind to find innovative solutions for the management, recycling, and valorization of biowaste from agricultural production, food processing, and organic household residues. The search for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment technologies has gained scientific interest; particular focus is on using biowaste to produce hydrochars (HCs) via the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process used as adsorbent materials for dye, heavy metal, and emerging pollutant removal. HTC materials derived from renewable resources are an environmentally friendly and adequate way to adsorb pollutants such as organic and inorganic molecules from wastewaters. 
  • 906
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Single Tungsten Atom Catalysts
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are defined as single or isolated metal atoms with catalytic activity anchored on the support that forms a composite catalyst with catalytic activity, which is a forward direction in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
  • 560
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Multicomponent Shape-Memory Polymers
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs)  are often combined with other functional materials. For example, polymers, metals, or other inorganic materials, in the shape of particles, fibers, and laminates, are combined to create multicomponent systems. Since these multicomponent systems are built up from discrete phases consisting of SMPs mixed with other polymers at the macroscopic or molecular level or reinforced with other domains (e.g., inorganic particle), they are particularly suited for the realization of multifunctionality.
  • 380
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Representative Applications of Conjugated Nanomedicine
Chemotherapy is one of the standard methods for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of their pathological mechanisms, a single chemotherapeutic drug is usually unable to eradicate cancer cells. It may also encounter some problems, such as toxic side effects induced by high doses of drugs and obtaining multidrug resistance (MDR) after repeated treatment. These problems then increase the likelihood of cancer metastasis or recurrence. The emergence of the combination of multiple antineoplastic drugs makes up for the deficiency of single drug application. Accordingly, the overall treatment benefit of the multidrug combination is usually higher than that of single drug administration by virtue of different therapeutic mechanisms. More importantly, the drug dose used during synergistic therapy usually decreases and the unfavorable side effects could be weakened under the premise of the same or better therapeutic efficacy. Thereinto, conjugated nanomedicine, as an important type of nanomedicine, can not only possess the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics with great precision but also achieve controlled drug release to avoid adverse effects. Meanwhile, conjugated nanomedicine provides the platform for combining several different therapeutic approaches (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, thermodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, etc.) with the purpose of achieving synergistic effects during cancer treatment.
  • 436
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Dolomite as a Filler in a Polymer Composite
Polymers are being used in many applications all around the world. However, there are some drawbacks in the properties of polymers that could hamper their usage in certain applications. Therefore, a new material polymer composite was introduced. A polymer composite is a polymer-based material with the addition of a filler. Many researchers have reported the improvement in the properties of a polymer when a filler was introduced. This helps minimize the disadvantages of using a polymer. Fillers are materials added to resins or binders (polymer/concrete/metal/ceramic) to improve their specific properties as they are turned into a new form of material called a “composite.” Dolomite is a type of sedimentary carbonate rock that consists mainly of dolomite mineral. The use of dolomite in a polymer composite system has gained increasing attention in recent years after researchers successfully proved that it is capable of improving mechanical and physical properties of various polymeric materials. 
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Microenvironmental Behaviour of Nanotheranostic Systems
The development of smart, efficient and multifunctional material systems for diseases treatment are imperative to meet current and future health challenges. Nanomaterials with theranostic properties have offered a cost effective and efficient solution for disease treatment, particularly, metal/oxide based nanotheranostic systems already offering therapeutic and imaging capabilities for cancer treatment. Nanoparticles can selectively generate/scavenge ROS through intrinsic or external stimuli to augment/diminish oxidative stress. An efficient treatment requires higher oxidative stress/toxicity in malignant disease, with a minimal level in surrounding normal cells. The size, shape and surface properties of nanoparticles are critical parameters for achieving a theranostic function in the microenvironment. The exhibition of therapeutics properties such as selective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, hyperthermia, antibacterial, antiviral, and imaging capabilities such as MRI, CT and fluorescence activity have been reported in a variety of developed nanosystems to combat cancer, neurodegenerative and emerging infectious diseases.
  • 309
  • 09 Aug 2022
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