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Topic Review
Metals in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases
Metal ions are fundamental to guarantee the regular physiological activity of the human organism. They are involved in several biological processes such as electron transfer, oxygen transport, the maintenance of osmotic pressure, and the regulation of DNA transcription. Metals such as iron, cobalt, selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese are essential for human life and are usually required in trace amounts. On the other hand, aluminum, mercury, arsenic, and others are considered non-essential metals since they possess no biological function. The importance of metals in the human organism is so fundamental that several pathologies, among which are neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), are related to a common phenomenon known as metal dyshomeostasis.
  • 575
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Metals in Medicine
Metals in medicine are used in organic systems for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Inorganic elements are also essential for organic life as cofactors in enzymes called metalloproteins. When metals are scarce or high quantities, equilibrium is set out of balance and must be returned to its natural state via interventional and natural methods.
  • 467
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Metallophthalocyanines
Since the serendipitous discovery of phthalocyanines (Pcs), at the beginning of the 20th century, growing attention has been devoted to the ubiquitous catalytic properties and applications of Pcs and Pcs coordinated with metal ions, Metallophthalocyanines (MPcs). In fact, these old synthetic dyes have been very attractive in the view of academic research, but mainly for catalytic industrial purposes as these dyes are easily accessible on a large scale, are robust under harsh reaction conditions, show high activity, and can be recovered and recycled. The success and diversity of MPcs as catalysts over different substrates are mostly attributed to their high structural flexibility in terms of metals and electronic properties of the phthalocyanine ligands.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Metallogel Science, Approaches, and Applications of Cellulose-Based Metallogels
Metallogels can be derived from ready-made cellulose hydrogels using the diffusion–reduction technique. This convenient and cost-effective approach involves the use of chemical or phyto-chemical reducing agents for the nanoparticles’ formation from the precursor salt solutions.
  • 302
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Metallic Nanowires
The fundamental properties of a material can dramatically change when its dimensions are reduced nanometer scale. Metallic nanowires are one-dimensional nanostructures with diameters that are typically in a range of 10-200 nm, and lengths in a range of 5-100 µm. Metallic nanowires have many unique properties that are not seen in their bulk counterparts, such as good thermal and electrical conductivity, high aspect ratio, low sheet resistance, excellent optical transparency, etc. In the past two decades, research into metallic nanowires has encouraged breakthrough technologies in a variety of fields, including flexible transparent conductive films and electrodes, optoelectronic devices, molecular electronics, solar cells,  touch screens, biomedical science, chemical sensors, heat transfer enhancement, etc.
  • 5.0K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Metallic Nanoparticles Applications and Therapies
Metallic-based nanoparticles present a unique set of physicochemical properties that support their application in different fields, such as electronics, medical diagnostics, and therapeutics. Particularly, in cancer therapy, the plasmonic resonance, magnetic behavior, X-ray attenuation, and radical oxygen species generation capacity displayed by metallic nanoparticles make them highly promising theragnostic solutions.
  • 404
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Metallic Heritage Coatings
Coatings to be applied on metallic heritage should satisfy complex requirements. This overview presents the main issues to be considered both from a Materials Science view and from a conservation-restoration one. The corrosion mechanism for outdoor bronze monuments is outlined with some of the research project which addressed the need for more affective treatments.
  • 962
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Metallic FexGeTe2 (3 ≤ x ≤ 7) Ferromagnets
Thermal fluctuations in two-dimensional (2D) isotropy systems at non-zero finite temperatures can destroy the long-range (LR) magnetic order due to the mechanisms addressed in the Mermin-Wanger theory. However, the magnetic anisotropy related to spin–orbit coupling (SOC) may stabilize magnetic order in 2D systems. 2D FexGeTe2 (3 ≤ x ≤ 7) with a high Curie temperature (TC) has not only undergone significant developments in terms of synthetic methods and the control of ferromagnetism (FM), but is also being actively explored for applications in various devices. 
  • 652
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Diseases caused by infections are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used become less effective. A combination of strategies to develop active biomaterials that enhance antibacterial effects are desirable, especially ones that cause fewer side effects and promote healing properties. The development of new antimicrobial products is necessary to avoid the transmission of infection in healthcare environments. In this sense, metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been gaining attention due to their unique size-dependent physical and chemical properties. The best known examples of this category are the NPs of elements such as silver, copper, gold, palladium, and platinum, which are used in varied areas of application (catalytic, biomedical, and electronic) as their properties are distinguished from those presented by the bulk. NPs are especially effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. 
  • 559
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles
Metallic alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by combining two or more different metals. Bimetallic or trimetallic nanoparticles are considered more effective than monometallic nanoparticles because of their synergistic characteristics. In this review, we outline the structure, synthesis method, properties, and biological applications of metallic alloy nanoparticles based on their plasmonic, catalytic, and magnetic characteristics.
  • 5.2K
  • 03 Aug 2020
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