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Topic Review
Advances in Curcumin Formulations
Traditional clinical procedures for treating or removing tumors, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical dissection, are widely used. Although chemotherapy remains a very efficient strategy in the battle against cancer, it is typically associated with substantial drawbacks and side effects. Therefore, there remains the possibility that tumors that have been surgically removed may return and may also be resistant to radiation treatment. Marine and terrestrial natural products are far more favorable for improving treatment outcomes in disorders with complicated pathological behavior. Due to their biochemical structures, natural compounds can affect numerous cellular targets, such as genes and proteins. Herbal preparations and their related natural products offer a pivotal role in cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention. As they are safe and able to minimize the side effects on healthy cells, selected medicinal plants have been developed to address a variety of malignancies. Curcumin is a polyphenol derivative found in the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.), and provides chemopreventive, antitumor, chemo-, and radio-sensitizing properties. 
  • 705
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Progress of Natural Product Databases
Natural products (NPs) are a rich source of structurally novel molecules, and the chemical space they encompass is far from being fully explored. NPs have represented a significant source of bioactive molecules and have served as a source of inspiration for developing many drugs on the market. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) has contributed to drug discovery research, mitigating costs and time. In this sense, compound databases represent a fundamental element of CADD. 
  • 599
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition's Mechanisms and Characteristics
Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, and potassium) are promising as anodes in emerging rechargeable batteries, ascribed to their high capacity or abundance. They are currently inhibited from public use by issues with interfacial reactivity, volume change, and dendrite growth. Surface coatings are among the most promising of techniques to address all of these issues. Atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD) enable a variety of inorganic, organic, and even inorganic-organic hybrid materials, featuring accurate nanoscale controllability, low process temperature, and extremely uniform and conformal coverage. Coatings applied to alkali metals via ALD and MLD may offer some of the most scalable, tailorable, and effective surface coatings for safe and stable rechargeable anodes.
  • 473
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bimodal Nanostructure
Nanocrystalline metals developed based on fine grain strengthening always have excellent strength, but are accompanied by a drop in ductility. Substantial efforts have been dedicated to design new microstructures and develop the corresponding processing technologies in order to solve this problem. One of the novel nanostructures is the bimodal grain size distribution nanostructure.
  • 519
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Comparison of Chernobyl and Other Radioactivity Releases
This article compares the radioactivity release and decay from the Chernobyl disaster with various other events which involved a release of uncontrolled radioactivity.
  • 2.4K
  • 07 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Substrate
In chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product. It can also refer to a surface on which other chemical reactions are performed, or play a supporting role in a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. In synthetic and organic chemistry, the substrate is the chemical of interest that is being modified. In biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts. When referring to Le Chatelier's principle, the substrate is the reagent whose concentration is changed. The term substrate is highly context-dependent.
  • 1.9K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Metal Oxide Based Nano-Photocatalysts as Antiviral Agents
Photocatalysis, a unique process that occurs in the presence of light radiation, can potentially be utilized to control environmental pollution, and improve the health of society. Photocatalytic removal, or disinfection, of chemical and biological species has been known for decades; its extension to indoor environments in public places has always been challenging. Many efforts have been made in this direction since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The development of efficient photocatalytic nanomaterials through modifications to improve their photoactivity under ambient conditions for fighting with such a pandemic situation is a high research priority. Several metal oxides-based nano-photocatalysts have been designed to work efficiently in outdoor and indoor environments for the photocatalytic disinfection of biological species. 
  • 541
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Metal Ions and Bioactive Glasses
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are of great interest in the field of medical implants due to their osteoinductive, osteoproductive, osteoconductive, and antimicrobial properties. Metal ions with bactericidal action can be incorporated into the glass structure in order to improve the antibiofilm activity of the BGs.
  • 397
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Paan
Paan (from Sanskrit: पर्ण, romanized: parṇá, lit. leaf, cognate with English fern) is a preparation combining betel leaf with areca nut widely consumed throughout South Asia and East Asia (mainly Taiwan). It is chewed for its stimulant effects. After chewing, it is either spat out or swallowed. Paan has many variations. Slaked lime (chuna) paste is commonly added to bind the leaves. Some preparations in the Indian subcontinent include katha paste or mukhwas to freshen the breath. Magahi paan is an expensive variety of betel which is grown in Aurangabad, Gaya and Nalanda districts of central Bihar. It is non-fibrous, sweeter, tastier and the softest of the lot. The origin and diffusion of betel chewing originates from and is closely tied to the Neolithic expansion of the Austronesian peoples. It was spread to the Indo-Pacific during prehistoric times, reaching Near Oceania at 3,400 to 3,000 BP; South India and Sri Lanka by 3,500 BP; Mainland Southeast Asia by 3,000 to 2,500 BP; Northern India by 1500 BP; and Madagascar by 600 BP. From India, it was also spread westwards to Persia and the Mediterranean. Paan (under a variety of names) is also consumed in many other Asian countries and elsewhere in the world by some Asian emigrants, with or without tobacco. It can be an addictive and stimulating formulation with adverse health effects, both with and without tobacco. The spit from chewing betel nuts, known as "buai pekpek" in Papua New Guinea, is often considered an eyesore. Because of this, many places have banned selling and chewing "buai".
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics
Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. During the past, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells.
  • 396
  • 30 Sep 2022
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