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Topic Review
Metal Hydrides and Graphene Supports
Energy production, distribution, and storage remain paramount to a variety of applications that reflect on our daily lives, from renewable energy systems, to electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Hydrogen is the sole element promising high energy, emission-free, and sustainable energy, and metal hydrides in particular have been investigated as promising materials for this purpose. While offering the highest gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacity of all known materials, metal hydrides are plagued by some serious deficiencies, such as poor kinetics, high activation energies that lead to high operating temperatures, poor recyclability, and/or stability, while environmental considerations related to the treatment of end-of-life fuel disposal are also of concern. Graphene is a 2D material with very appealing properties, highlighting its potential use as support for various reactive species, including metals and metal hydrides. By embedding hydride species into graphene supports, valuable nanocomposites can be obtained with direct use for energy storage applications.
  • 642
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Regenerative Medicine Bioconjugated Hydrogel Scaffolds
Materials used for regenerative medicine purposes pose a series of challenges in terms of biocompatibility, adaptability and functionality. A way to design functional and compatible materials that mimic soft tissue is to exploit synthetic hydrogels. To widen their activity scope, hydrogels can be coupled with molecular cues to promote tissue regeneration or trigger regeneration processes. Within this entry we asses the criteria to choose the design of a bioconjugated for regenerative medicine purposes, giving relevant examples from the current literature.
  • 641
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Bio-Lubricants
An extremely efficient lubrication system is achieved in synovial joints by means of bio-lubricants and sophisticated nanostructured surfaces that work together.
  • 641
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Phytotoxic Metabolites and Fungi of Grapevine Trunk Diseases
Grapevines are one of the most economically important crops worldwide, with approximately 48% of the world’s grape production used for wine production. Fungal diseases are limiting factors to the production of wine grapes, impacting the quality of wine. Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by one or several fungal pathogens, cause a progressive decline in vines resulting in a loss in productivity and eventual death of the vines. Internal and external GTDs symptoms sometimes take several years to appear after infection; thus, they are considered slow-progression diseases.
  • 641
  • 16 Jan 2023
Biography
Giovanni N. Roviello
Dr. Giovanni Roviello graduated with honors in chemistry from Federico II University (2002, Naples, Italy) and received his PhD in Biotechnology from the same university in 2006. He works as a senior researcher at the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB) of the Italian National Council for Research (CNR) in Naples, Italy. He was a visiting researcher in Germany (Institute of Molecular Bi
  • 641
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
MALDI MS-Based Investigations Targeting SARS-CoV-2
The urgent need to fight the COVID-19 pandemic has impressively stimulated the efforts of the international scientific community, providing an extraordinary wealth of studies. Improving the current laboratory testing methods and developing new rapid and reliable diagnostic approaches might be useful in managing contact tracing in the fight against both the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and the new, potentially fast-spreading CoV-2 variants. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based testing methods and more specifically MALDI-MS have demonstrated without any doubt the great potential to overcome many unresolved analytical challenges arising from currently used laboratory testing assays, becoming an effective proteomic tool in several applications, including pathogen identification. With the aim of highlighting the challenges and opportunities that derive from MALDI-based approaches for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, we extensively examined the most promising proofs of concept for MALDI studies related to the COVID-19 outbreak.
  • 640
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Molecular Iodine Capture by Covalent Organic Frameworks
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of extended crystalline porous polymers that possess unique architectures with high surface areas, long-range order, and permanent porosity. It is known that the possible radioactive iodine species in the environment are iodate (IO3−), molecular iodine (I2), and organic iodine species (e.g., methyl iodide (CH3I) and ethyl iodide (CH3CH2I)). Different iodine species need to be handled in different ways.
  • 640
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Unc-51-like Autophagy-Activating Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents
Autophagy is a cellular process that removes damaged components of cells and recycles them as biochemical building blocks. Autophagy can also be induced to protect cells in response to intra- and extracellular stresses, including damage to cellular components, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and pathogenic invasion. Dysregulation of autophagy has been attributed to various diseases. In particular, autophagy protects cancer cells by supporting tumor cell survival and the development of drug resistance. The ULK complex is an early-stage regulator of autophagy and attracted particular attention as a drug target. Among ULK isoforms, ULK1, ULK2, ULK3, ULK4, and serine/threonine-protein kinase 36 (STK36), ULK1 have been most extensively studied.
  • 640
  • 20 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Terpene Mini-Path for Terpenoids Bio-Production
Terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compounds and are extremely valuable from an economic point of view due to their extended physicochemical properties and biological activities. An alternative to produce terpenoids is the use of biotechnological tools involving, for example, the construction of enzymatic cascades (cell-free synthesis) or a microbial bio-production thanks to metabolic engineering techniques. 
  • 639
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Intrinsically Conducting Polymers in Secondary Batteries
Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs are oligo- or polymeric organic materials with numerous strikingly unusual properties like high electronic conductivity depending on their state of oxidation and pronounced electrochemical redox activity. Because a redox process is associated with electronic charge transfer ICPs have been proposed as charge storage materials in electrodes of secondary batteries or supercapacitors. In addition their use as binder in electrodes or as coating material has been suggested.  ICPs was briefly introduced and these various applications in batteries were highlighted here.
  • 639
  • 28 Feb 2022
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