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Topic Review
Microextraction Techniques with Deep Eutectic Solvents
The development and application of sustainable solvents has been a hot topic in different scientific and technological areas. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), were introduced in 2001 as an alternative to ionic liquids (ILs). These showed a stronger ecofriendly profile, with easier and cheaper production, while having similar properties. DESs contain large, asymmetrical ions that have low lattice energy and, thus, low melting points. They are often acquired by the complexation of a quaternary ammonium salt with a metal salt or hydrogen bond donor (HBD).
  • 247
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a novel and green sample preparation technique introduced in 2014. FPSE utilizes a natural or synthetic permeable and flexible fabric substrate chemically coated with a sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent in the form of ultra-thin coating, which leads to a fast and sensitive micro-extraction device. The flexible FPSE requires no modification of samples and allows direct extraction of analytes. Sol-gel sorbent-coated FPSE media possesses high chemical, solvent, and thermal stability due to the strong covalent bonding between the substrate and the sol-gel sorbent.
  • 201
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Ionic Liquids in Miniaturized Microextraction Techniques
Green sample preparation is one of the most challenging aspects in green analytical chemistry. In this framework, miniaturized microextraction techniques have been developed and are widely performed due to their numerous positive features such as simplicity, limited need for organic solvents, instrumentation of low cost and short time of extraction. Some of the most important sample preparation techniques covered include solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), single-drop microextraction (SDME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE).
  • 242
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Sample Preparation Techniques Used in Food Analysis
Food samples are complex heterogenous matrices, where all analytes are distributed in a random manner. Food analysis involves sampling, homogenization, and sample preparation that increase the analytical accuracy and precision. Focusing on sample preparation it usually involves storage, particle size reduction, homogenization, weighting, dilution, filtration, extraction, clean-up, and derivatization. Proper sample preparation protocols result in matrix interference elimination and analyte preconcentration, thus affecting the selectivity, sensitivity, detection capability, and the overall performance of an analytical technique. The most time-consuming step in analytical method development is the optimization of the sample preparation protocol that includes analyte extraction and clean-up. Some of the most common sample preparation techniques used in food analysis are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-liquid extraction (SLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic, and Soxhlet extraction.
  • 877
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Sample Preparation
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric materials with imprinted sites complementary to a specific molecule and high affinity over analytes with analogous molecular structure. Extraction can benefit from the production of MIPs that can be applied as sorbents for the extraction of specific antibiotics. 
  • 409
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Antibacterial Activities of 1,2,3-Triazolium Salts
1,2,3-Triazolium salts have demonstrated significant potential in the fields of medicine and agriculture, exhibiting exceptional antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antileishmanial properties. Moreover, these salts can be utilized as additives or components to produce nano- and fiber-based materials with antibacterial properties. 
  • 337
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Required Properties of the Corneal Endothelial Implants
Treating corneal diseases arising from injury to the corneal endothelium necessitates donor tissue, but these corneas are extremely scarce. As a result, researchers are dedicating significant efforts to exploring alternative approaches that do not rely on donor tissues. Among these, creating a tissue-engineered scaffold on which corneal endothelial cells can be transplanted holds particular fascination. Numerous functional materials, encompassing natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers, have already been studied in this regard.
  • 206
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Paper-Based Biosensors
The utilization of electrochemical detection techniques in paper-based analytical devices (PADs) has revolutionized point-of-care (POC) testing, enabling the precise and discerning measurement of a diverse array of (bio)chemical analytes. The application of electrochemical sensing and paper as a suitable substrate for point-of-care testing platforms has led to the emergence of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). The inherent advantages of these modified paper-based analytical devices have gained significant recognition in the POC field. In response, electrochemical biosensors assembled from paper-based materials have shown great promise for enhancing sensitivity and improving their range of use. In addition, paper-based platforms have numerous advantageous characteristics, including the self-sufficient conveyance of liquids, reduced resistance, minimal fabrication cost, and environmental friendliness.
  • 387
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biosensor Technology for Insulin Detection
Biosensor technology is a multidisciplinary field where biology, engineering and nanotechnology promise solutions for healthcare challenges enabling personalised medicine for disease prognosis, diagnosis and drug delivery. The ability to use a point-of-care sensor to measure insulin concurrently with glucose would allow for a much better assessment of endogenous insulin activity, enabling real-time adjustments in insulin dosing to be made while minimising the likelihood of occurrence of extremes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia.
  • 296
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Market of Antibody–Drug Conjugates
The cytotoxic effect and therapeutic window of mAbs by constructing antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), in which the targeting moiety is the mAb that is linked to a highly toxic drug. According to a report from mid of last year, the global ADCs market accounted for USD 1387 million in 2016 and was worth USD 7.82 billion in 2022. It is estimated to increase in value to USD 13.15 billion by 2030. One of the critical points is the linkage of any substituent to the functional group of the mAb. Increasing the efficacy against cancer cells’ highly cytotoxic molecules (warheads) are connected biologically. The connections are completed by different types of linkers, or there are efforts to add biopolymer-based nanoparticles, including chemotherapeutic agents.
  • 442
  • 17 Jul 2023
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