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Topic Review
Separation of Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins in Food Products
Chlorophyll is a natural green hue with a tetrapyrrole ring system with different substituents. 
  • 637
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Bio-inspired Nanomaterials in Micro/Nanodevices
Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs. 
  • 637
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Focused-Electron-Beam Engineering
Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is the ultimate additive nanofabrication technique for the growth of 3D nanostructures. In the field of nanomagnetism and its technological applications, FEBID could be a viable solution to produce future high-density, low-power, fast nanoelectronic devices based on the domain wall conduit in 3D nanomagnets. While FEBID has demonstrated the flexibility to produce 3D nanostructures with almost any shape and geometry, the basic physical properties of these out-of-plane deposits are often seriously degraded from their bulk counterparts due to the presence of contaminants. 3D Co nanowires have been used to test the possibilities of FEBID for engineering the dimensions, composition and magnetism of these nanostructures.
  • 636
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
In-Silico Approaches: Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD), are becoming increasingly more common and are recognized as a social problem in modern societies. These disorders are characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration and are considered one of the main causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no existing cure for AD nor PD and the clinically used drugs aim only at symptomatic relief, and are not capable of stopping neurodegeneration.
  • 636
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), and both of them can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency, large extinction coefficients, and capability of producing singlet oxygen. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based phototherapy is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets.
  • 636
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Bioactive Agent-Loaded Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes
Despite the advances that have been achieved in developing wound dressings to date, wound healing still remains a challenge in the healthcare system. None of the wound dressings currently used clinically can mimic all the properties of normal and healthy skin. Electrospinning has gained remarkable attention in wound healing applications because of its excellent ability to form nanostructures similar to natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospun dressing accelerates the wound healing process by transferring drugs or active agents to the wound site sooner.
  • 636
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Performance Attenuation of Nano-Modified Concrete under High Temperature
The effect of nanoparticles on the hydration of cement depends not only on the type of material but also on the temperature. A certain amount of nanomaterials can effectively improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and when nano concrete is exposed to high temperatures, its internal structure and mechanisms are relatively altered. Under the temperature conditions studied of 40 °C to 70 °C, nano-SiO2 and nano-C-S-H shortened the induction period and the arrival time of the peak heat release rate of hydration, and nano-C-S-H also increased the peak heat release rate. The addition of nanoparticles and high temperatures led to the early production of hydrate layers. Emerging concepts propose inorganic insulation nanomaterials to reduce energy use and consumption and to plan and design green buildings. The science and engineering of nanotechnology have improved the high-temperature performance of concrete. The addition of nano-SiO2 can improve the role of the thermal insulation capacity of concrete, due to the dense internal structure, increasing the specific heat capacity and reducing the thermal diffusivity. Concrete in high-temperature areas is prone to structural damage and these damages seriously affect the service life of buildings. There is a need to conduct research and develop new nanomaterial-modified concrete with good mechanical properties and durability at high temperatures. NC and NS-modified concrete have a good evaluation in terms of economy and performance, because the constant deterioration of extreme high-temperature environments on concrete is a long-term impact, while whether nano concrete has a lot of resistance is based on the effects of fire and internal ambient temperature. 
  • 637
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Presentation of Film Deposition Method
The functional layer is an important part of the storage mechanism in lithium-ion batteries, as it helps to improve the performance and stability of the interface and allows for the efficient transfer of ions and electrons. The film deposition techniques are vital for the development of lithium-ion batteries by providing a functional layer at the interface between electrode and electrolyte, which fabricates a solid-state battery with a different approach from the traditional methods.
  • 635
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
MOS Sensors for Detecting Chemical Warfare Agents
On-site detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) can be performed by various analytical techniques. Devices using well-established techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry, flame photometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (usually combined with gas chromatography) are quite complex and expensive to purchase and operate. For this reason, other solutions based on analytical techniques well suited to portable devices are still being sought. Analyzers based on simple semiconductor sensors may be a potential alternative. In sensors of this type, the conductivity of the semiconductor layer changes upon interaction with the analyte. Metal oxides (both in the form of polycrystalline powders and various nanostructures), organic semiconductors, carbon nanostructures, silicon and various composites that are a combination of these materials are used as a semiconductor material. Due to the fact that the dominant group of semiconductor resistive sensors is metal oxide semiconductors (MOS sensors), it will be the focus herein.
  • 635
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Antiviral Nanohybrids
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven a global research to uncover novel, effective therapeutical and diagnosis approaches. In addition, control of spread of infection has been targeted through development of preventive tools and measures. In this regard, nanomaterials, particularly, those combining two or even several constituting materials possessing dissimilar physicochemical (or even biological) properties, i.e., nanohybrid materials play a significant role. Nanoparticulate nanohybrids have gained a widespread reputation for prevention of viral crises, thanks to their promising antimicrobial properties as well as their potential to act as a carrier for vaccines. On the other hand, they can perform well as a photo-driven killer for viruses when they release reactive oxygen species (ROS) or photothermally damage the virus membrane. The nanofibers can also play a crucial protective role when integrated into face masks and personal protective equipment, particularly as hybridized with antiviral nanoparticles.
  • 634
  • 16 Sep 2021
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