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Topic Review
Pharmaceutical Applications of Liposomes
Liposomes have been extensively developed and used for various clinical applications such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic fields, due to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as well as the ability to enhance the therapeutic index of free drugs. However, some challenges remain unsolved, including liposome premature leakage, manufacturing irreproducibility, and limited translation success.
  • 128
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Plasmon-Assisted Molecular Catalysis
The utilization of plasmonic nanomaterials in catalytic technologies is an emerging research field with foreseeable applications in energy-catalytic technologies. On this front, the coupling of plasmonic nanomaterials with molecular catalysts is a newly approached, thus far unexploited field.
  • 133
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Colloids in Curved Space
Self-assembly of nanoscale objects is of essential importance in materials science, condensed matter physics, and biophysics. Curvature modifies the principles and sequence of self-assembly in Euclidean space, resulting in unique and more complex structures. Understanding self-assembly behavior in curved space is not only instrumental for designing structural building blocks and assembly processes from a bottom-up perspective but is also critically important for delineating various biological systems.
  • 122
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Bio-Epoxies in Composites
Despite the reliability of traditional epoxy systems, the increasing demand for sustainability has driven researchers and industries to explore new bio-based alternatives. Additionally, natural fibers have the potential to serve as environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic ones, contributing to the production of lightweight and biodegradable composites. Enhancing the mechanical properties of these bio-composites also involves improving the compatibility between the matrix and fibers. In this sense, the use of bio-epoxy resins facilitates better adhesion of natural composite constituents, addressing sustainability and environmental concerns.
  • 171
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Seed Priming against Environmental Stresses
Drastic climate changes over the years have triggered environmental challenges for wild plants and crops due to fluctuating weather patterns worldwide. This has caused different types of stressors, responsible for a decrease in plant life and biological productivity, with consequent food shortages, especially in areas under threat of desertification. Nanotechnology-based approaches have great potential in mitigating environmental stressors, thus fostering a sustainable agriculture. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have demonstrated to be biostimulants as well as remedies to both environmental and biotic stresses. Their administration in the early sowing stages, i.e., seed priming, proved to be effective in improving germination rate, seedling and plant growth and in ameliorating the indicators of plants’ well-being. Seed nano-priming acts through several mechanisms such as enhanced nutrients uptake, improved antioxidant properties, ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The target for seed priming by ZnO NPs is mostly crops of large consumption or staple food, in order to meet the increased needs of a growing population and the net drop of global crop frequency, due to climate changes and soil contaminations. 
  • 365
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering
Numerous surgeries are carried out to replace tissues that have been harmed by an illness or an accident. Due to various surgical interventions and the requirement of bone substitutes, the emerging field of bone tissue engineering attempts to repair damaged tissues with the help of scaffolds. These scaffolds act as template for bone regeneration by controlling the development of new cells. For the creation of functional tissues and organs, there are three elements of bone tissue engineering that play very crucial role: cells, signals and scaffolds. For the achievement of these aims, various types of natural polymers, like chitosan, chitin, cellulose, albumin and silk fibroin, have been used for the preparation of scaffolds. Scaffolds produced from natural polymers have many advantages: they are less immunogenic as well as being biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic and cost effective. The hierarchal structure of bone, from microscale to nanoscale, is mostly made up of organic and inorganic components like nanohydroxyapatite and collagen components. 
  • 122
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Therapeutic Hybrid Systems Using Hydrogels and Nanotechnology
Topical and transdermal drug delivery are advantageous administration routes, especially when treating diseases and conditions with a skin etiology. Nevertheless, conventional dosage forms often lead to low therapeutic efficacy, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. To tackle these issues, novel topical and transdermal platforms involving nanotechnology have been developed. The development of nanoemulgels for skin application is focused, encapsulating a wide variety of molecules, including already marketed drugs (miconazole, ketoconazole, fusidic acid, imiquimod, meloxicam), repurposed marketed drugs (atorvastatin, omeprazole, leflunomide), natural-derived compounds (eucalyptol, naringenin, thymoquinone, curcumin, chrysin, brucine, capsaicin), and other synthetic molecules (ebselen, tocotrienols, retinyl palmitate), for wound healing, skin and skin appendage infections, skin inflammatory diseases, skin cancer, neuropathy, or anti-aging purposes. Developed formulations revealed adequate droplet size, PDI, viscosity, spreadability, pH, stability, drug release, and drug permeation and/or retention capacity, having more advantageous characteristics than current marketed formulations. 
  • 106
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Copolymer-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
The highest energy conversion efficiencies are typically shown by lead-containing piezoelectric materials, but the harmful environmental impacts of lead and its toxicity limit future use. At the bulk scale, lead-based piezoelectric materials have significantly higher piezoelectric properties when compared to lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, at the nanoscale, the piezoelectric properties of lead-free piezoelectric material can be significantly larger than the bulk scale. 
  • 186
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Application of Stretchable Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Superhydrophobic surfaces find extensive applications in various fields, including self-cleaning, liquid manipulation, anti-icing, and water harvesting. To achieve superhydrophobicity, the surfaces are designed with hierarchical nano- and/or microscale protrusions. These structures result in a static contact angle above 150° and a sliding/rolling-off angle below 10° when water droplets deposit on the surface. The combination of hierarchical structures and low-surface energy materials contributes to this unique liquid-repellent property. In addition to liquid repellency, the durability of these surfaces is crucial for practical applications, which has prompted the exploration of stretchable superhydrophobic surfaces as a viable solution. The flexibility of these surfaces means that they are effectively safeguarded against mechanical damage and can withstand daily wear and tear. 
  • 270
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fundamentals of CO2RR and Perovskite Oxides
An efficient carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which reduces CO2 to low-carbon fuels and high-value chemicals, is a promising approach for realizing the goal of carbon neutrality, for which effective but low-cost catalysts are critically important. Many inorganic perovskite-based materials with tunable chemical compositions have been applied in the electrochemical CO2RR, which exhibited advanced catalytic performance.
  • 142
  • 10 Jan 2024
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