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Topic Review
Metal Ion Detection by Glutathione
Low cost, sensitive, selective, and rapid methods for heavy metal ion (HMI) detection are of growing demand, and HMI biosensors have great potential in meeting this need due to their timeliness, cost-effectiveness and convenience in operation. The most widely reported peptide probe for HMI detection is glutathione (GSH), especially in case of lead ion (Pb2+) detection. GSH is highly stable, cost-effective, and easy to immobilize on a sensor. 
  • 892
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
DFT Calculations of XH Stretching Frequencies
X in the title can be either O or N.  Hydrogen bond potentials can be either symmetric or unsymmetric.  The former is the case for CH bonds, whereas for hydrogen bonded systems the potential can be more or less asymmetric depending on the strength of the hydrogen bond. DFT is an abbrviation for Density Functional Theory; CPMD = Car-Parinello Molecular Dynamics and VPT2  = Vibrational Second Order Pertubation Theory.  RAHB = Resonace Assisted Hydrogen Bonding.
  • 892
  • 13 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Hybrid Engineered Water–Polymer Flooding (EWPF)
Hybrid EWPF has been experimentally investigated for both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs by various researchers. The idea behind hybrid EWPF is to enhance oil recovery by the combined effect of optimized injection water composition and polymer flooding. Most of the studies have shown the synergistic benefits of the hybrid method in terms of two- to four-fold decreases in the polymer adsorption, leading to 30–50% reductions in polymer consumption, making the project economically viable for carbonates. EWPF has resulted in 20–30% extra oil recovery in various carbonate coreflood experiments compared to high-salinity water flooding.
  • 892
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Asymmetric Catalytic Ketimine Mannich Reactions
These ketimines are less electrophilic and thus, arguably, more challenging substrates. 3-Aryl-3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones are often employed as stable precursors for the corresponding endocyclic N-carbonyl diaryl ketimines. This class of ketimines is useful synthons to access chiral isoindolin-1-ones that are an important motif found in numerous biologically relevant molecules and natural products.
  • 891
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Microencapsulation of Probiotics
Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as “living microorganisms which, when ingested in certain amounts, provide health benefits to the host”.
  • 891
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Electrospun Nanofibers for Chemical Separation
The separation and purification of specific chemicals from a mixture have become necessities for many environments, including agriculture, food science, and pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. Electrospun nanofiber membranes are promising materials for the separation of various species such as particles, biomolecules, dyes, and metals from liquids because of the combined properties of a large specific surface, light weight, high porosity, good connectivity, and tunable wettability. This paper reviews the recent progress in the design and fabrication of electrospun nanofibers for chemical separation. Different capture mechanisms including electrostatic, affinity, covalent bonding, chelation, and magnetic adsorption are explained and their distinct characteristics are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future aspects of nanofibers for membrane applications are discussed.
  • 891
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Lipid-Oligonucleotide Conjugates and the Development of RNA-Based Therapeutics
Antisense and small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides have been recognized as powerful therapeutic compounds for targeting mRNAs and inducing their degradation. However, a major obstacle is that unmodified oligonucleotides are not readily taken up into tissues and are susceptible to degradation by nucleases. For these reasons, the design and preparation of modified DNA/RNA derivatives with better stability and an ability to be produced at large scale with enhanced uptake properties is of vital importance.
  • 891
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Strain Gradient Plasticity Theories (SGPT)
SGTs are featured with the introduction of one or more scale lengths in the model used to describe the medium behavior.  Among all the SGTs, those that make use of the gradient of the plastic part of the strain are called Strain Gradient Plasticity Theories (SGPT).
  • 890
  • 23 Sep 2020
Topic Review
WO3 and Ionic Liquids -2
The possibility of using an IL to enhance WO3 dispersion on an inorganic support, ensuring the formation of composites with a very large number of exposed catalytic sites, is reported. In addition, in some cases the IL was demonstrated to be able to direct the morphology of WO3 particles.
  • 890
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Spectrophotometric Methods for Measurement of Antioxidant Activity
The antioxidant potential can be measured by various assays with specific mechanisms of action, including hydrogen atom transfer, single electron transfer, and targeted scavenging activities. Understanding the chemistry of mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of the methods is critical for the proper selection of techniques for the valid assessment of antioxidant activity in specific samples or conditions. There are various analytical techniques available for determining the antioxidant activity of biological samples, including food and plant extracts. The different methods are categorized into three main groups, such as spectrometry, chromatography, and electrochemistry techniques. Among these assays, spectrophotometric methods are considered the most common analytical technique for the determination of the antioxidant potential due to their sensitivity, rapidness, low cost, and reproducibility.
  • 889
  • 28 Nov 2022
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